COMP061TX. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 183 



89. ONOPOR.DON. Achenia wrinkled transversely, 4-angled. Pappus not plumose. Recep- 

 tacle hone) combed 



70. LAPPA. Achenia wrinkled, flattened. Pappus of short and rough bristles. Kecep- 

 tacle bristly. 



Suborder II. LIGULIFLORiE. 



Corolla ligulate in all the flowers of the head, and all the flowers per- 

 fect. — Herbs with milky juice. Leaves alternate. 



* Pappus none. 

 7L LAMPSANA. Involucre cylindrical, of 8 scales in a single row, 8 - 12-flowered. 



* * Pappus chaffy, or of both chaff and bristles. 

 72. CICIIOIUUM. Pappus a small crown of little bristle-form scales. Involucre double. 

 78. KRIGIA. Pappus of 5 broad chaffy scales, and 5 bristles. 



74. CYNTHIA. Pappus double ; the outer short, of many minute chaffy scales, the inner of 

 numerous long capillar}' bristles. 



* * * Pappus plumose. 

 76. LEONTODON. Bristles of the pappus several, chaffy-dilated at the base. 



« * * * Pappus composed entirely of capillary bristles, not plumose. 

 +- Pappus tawny or dirty white : achenia not flattened or beaked. 



76. HIErtACIUM. Achenia oblong : pappus a single series. Flowers yellow. Scales of the 



involucre unequal. 



77. NABALUS. Achenia cylindrical : pappus copious. Flowers whitish or purplish. Scales 



of the involucre equal. 8ee Addend. 



+- ■*- Pappus bright white, except in No. 80 and in one Mulgedium. 



78. TROXIMON. Achenia linear-oblong, not beaked. Pappus of copious and unequal bris- 



tles, some of them rigid. 



79. TARAXACUM. Achenia long-beaked, terete, ribbed. Pappus soft and white. 



80. PYRKIIOPAPPUS. Achenia long-beaked, nearly terete. Pappus soft, reddish or tawny 



81. LACTUCA Achenia abruptly long-beaked, flat. Pappus soft and white. 



82. MULGEDIUM. Achenia flattish, with a short thick beak. Pappus soft Flowers blue. 



83. SONCHUS. Achenia flattish, beakless. Pappus very soft and fine. Flowers yellow. 



1. VERNOSflA, Schreb. Iron-weed. 



Heads 15 -many-flowered, in corymbose cymes; flowers all perfect. Invo- 

 lucre shorter than the flowers, of many appressed closely imbricated scales. 

 Receptacle naked. Achenia cylindrical, ribbed. Pappus double ; the outer 

 of minute scale-like bristles; the inner of copious capillary bristles. — Peren- 

 nial herbs, with alternate leaves and mostly purple flowers. (Named in honor 

 of Mr. Vernon, an early English botanist who travelled in this country.) 



1. V. Novel>oracefilSBS, Willd. Scales of the involucre tipped with a 

 long bristle-form or caul-shaped spreading appetidage or awn; in some varieties 

 merely pointed. — Low grounds near the coast, Maine to Virginia; and river- 

 banks in the Western States, from Wisconsin southward. Aug. — A tall 

 coarse weed with lanceolate or oblong leaves. 



2. V. fascicillata, Michx. Scales of the involucre (all but the lowest) 

 rounded and obtuse, icithout appendage — Prairies and river-banks, Ohio to Wis- 

 consin and southward. Aug. — Leaves narrowly or broadly lanceolate : heads 

 mostly crowded. Very variable, and passing into No. 1. 



