COMFOSITiE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 185 



* * # Pappus not plumose to the naked eye: corolla smooth inside. 



4. L,. scai'idsa, Willd. Stem stout (2° -5° high) pubescent or hoary ; 

 leaves (smooth, rough, or pubescent) lanceolate ; the lowest oblong -lanceolate or 

 obovate-oblong, tapering into a petiole; heads few or many, large, 30 - 40-flowcred ; 

 scales of the broad or depressed involucre obovate or spatulate, very numerous, with- dry 

 and scarious often colored tips or margins. — Dry sandy soil, New England to 

 "Wisconsin, and southward. — A widely variable species: heads 1' or less in 

 diameter. 



5. Ij. pildsa, Willd. Beset with long scattered hairs ; stem stout; haves 

 linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated; heads few, 10-15-flowered ; scales of the 

 top-shaped or bell-shaped involucre slightly margined, the outer narrowly oblong, very 

 obtuse, the innermost linear. — Mountains of Virginia and southward. Rare and 

 obscure. Perhaps a remarkable state of L. spicata ; but the flowers themselves 

 as large as in No. 4. 



6. It. spicfeta, Willd. Smooth or somewhat hairy; stems very leafy 

 (2° -5° high); leaves linear, the lower 3 - 5-nerved ; heads S- 12 flowered (£'- 

 £' long), crowded in a long spike; scales of the cylindrical-bellshaped involucre 

 oblong or oval, obtuse, oppressed, with slight margins; achenia pubescent or smoothish. 



— Moist grounds, common from S. New York to Wisconsin and southward. — 

 Involucre somewhat resinous, very smooth. 



7. L,. gB-atlimifolia, Willd. Hairy or smoothish ; stem (l°-3°high) 

 slender, leafy ; leaves linear, elongated, 1-nerved; heads several or numerous, 

 in a spike or raceme, 7-12-flowered; scales of the obconical or obovoid involucre 

 spatulate or oblong, obtuse or somewhat pointed, rigid, oppressed ; achenia hairy. — 

 Virginia and southward. — Inflorescence sometimes panicled, especially in 



Var. (iui)ia« Scales of the involucre narrower and less rigid, oblong, often 

 ciliate. (L. dubia, Barton.) — Wet pine barrens, New Jersey and southward. 



8. l<. pyctlOSlacliya, Michx. Hairy or smoothish : stem stout (3° -5° 

 high), very leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear; spike 

 very thick and dense (6' -20' long) ; heads about 5-flowered (£' long); scales of the 

 cylindrical involucre oblong or lanceolate, with recurved or spreading colored tips. — 

 Prairies, from Indiana southward and westward. 



§ 2. Stem simple or branched above, not from a tuber : heads small, corymbed or jxtn- 

 icled, 4 - 10 flowered : involucre little imbricated : lobes of the corolla ovate: pappus 

 not plumose. 



9. L.. Odoratissillta, Willd. (Vanilla-plant.) Very smooth ; leaves 

 pale, thickish, obovate-spatulate, or die upper oval and clasping ; heads corymbed. 



— Low pine barrens, Virginia and southward. — Leaves exhaling the odor of 

 Vanilla when bruised. 



10. Li. patliculata, "Willd. Viscid-hairy ; leaves narrowly oblong or 

 lanceolate, smoothish, those of the stem partly clasping, heads panicled. — Vir- 

 ginia and southward. 



Carphephoeus, Cass., differs from Liatris in having some chaff among the 

 flowers ; and 0. toment6sus perhaps grows in S. Virginia. 



16* 



