COMPOSITE. (composite family.) 217 



on naked peduncles ; scales of the involucre ovate -lanceolate, pointed, ciliate. — 

 Dry open places, Ohio to Illinois, and southward — Leaves almost as thick as 

 id No. 3. Kays showy, l'-2' long. 



5. li. occidentalis, Riddell. Somewhat hairy ; stem slender, simple, 

 naked above (l°-3° high, and sending out runners from the base), bearing 1-5 

 small heads on long peduncles ; lowest leaves oval or lanceolate-ovate, 3-nervcd, 

 obscurely senate, roughish-pubescent beneath, abruptly contracted into long hairy peti- 

 oles ; the upper small and remote (all opposite), entire; scales of die involucre- 

 oval-lanceolate, pointed, cilia'.e. — Dry barrens, Ohio to Wisconsin, Kentucky, 

 and southward. 



6. If. Cinerciis, var. SuIIiViilltii, Torr. & Gr. Gray with a close 

 roughish pubescence ; stem branching above, hairy; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile by a 

 narrowed base, acute, obscurely sen-ate ; the upper small and remote ; peduncles 

 rdender; scales of the involucre lanceolate, hoary. — Darby Plains, Ohio, Sulli- 

 vant. Stem 2° -3° high, bearing few heads as largo as those of the next. 



7. II. mollis, Lam. Stem clothed with soft white hairs, simple, leafy to 

 the top (2° -4° high); leaves ovate, with a broad heart-shaped and clasping base, 

 pointed, nearly entire, hoary above, very soft white-woolly and reticulated under- 

 neath ; scales of the involucre lanceolate, downy. — Barrens and prairies, Ohio 

 to Illinois, and westward. 



* * * Heads small : scales of the involucre few, shorter than the yellow disk, irregu- 

 larly imbricaL d, ajipressed, the outer with spreading foliaceous jwinted tips : rays 

 5 - 8 : leaves all but t/ie uppermost oppo.i 



8. II. niicroccplmlus, Torr. & Gr. Stem smooth (3° -8° high), with 

 numerous slender branches above ; leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, some- 

 what serrate, veiny, pctioled, rough above, downy or hairy underneath ; pedun- 

 cles slender, rough ; scales of the involucre ovate and ovate-lanceolate, ciliate. 

 — Thickets, W. Penn. to Illinois, and southward. — Heads §' broad, the rays 

 nearly 1' long. 



9. H. Iscvigutus, Torr. & Gr. Stem slender (l°-4° high), simple or 

 sparingly branched, very smooth and glabrous throughout, as well as the slightly 

 serrate lanceolate leaves. — Dry soil, Alleghany Mountains, west of the Warm 

 Springs of Virginia, and southward. 



* # * # Heads middle-shed or large: scales of the involucre irregularly imbricated. 



loose, with spreading foliaceous tips, as long as the yellow dish or longer. 



•>- Leaves chiefly alternate or scattered, feather-veined, sometimes obscurely triple-ribbed. 



10. H. gig:illtCUS, L. Stem hairy or rough (3° -10° high), branched 

 above; leaves lanceolate, pointed, serrate, very rough above, rough-hairy beneath, 

 naiTowcd and ciliate at the base, but nearly sessile; scales of the involucre long, 

 linear-lanceolate, pointed, hairy, or strongly ciliate. — Var. amuiguus has most 

 of the leaves opposite and closely sessile by an obtuse base, and approaches No. 

 13. — Low thickets and swamps; common. Heads somewhat corymbed : the 

 pale yellow rays 1 5 - 20. 



11. H. grosse-scrratns, Martens. Stem smooth and ghucous, at least 

 below (5° 10° high); leaves elongated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper 



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