218 COMPOSITE. (composite family.) 



pointed, serrate, rough above, rounded or acute at the base, petioled, rough 

 above, hoary and downy beneath; scales of the involucre lance-awl-shaped, slight- 

 ly ciliate. — Dry plains, Ohio to Illinois, and southwest ward — Probably runs 

 into the last. 



12. IB. tOHlCBltdsUS, Michx. Stem hairy, stout (4° -8° high) ; leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate, or the lowest ovate, taper-pointed, obscurely serrate, large (5' -12 

 long), somewhat petioled, very rough above, soft-downy beneath ; scales of the in- 

 volucre with very long and spreading tips, hairy, the chaff and tips of the disk- 

 flowers pubescent. (Disk 1' broad ; rays 12-16, 1' long.) — Rich woods, Illi- 

 nois ? Virginia and southward along the mountains. 



-»- +- Leaves opposite, or the uppermost alternate, 3-nervcd or triple-ribbed. 



13. II. StB'BIBBBOSllS, L. Stem rather simple (3° -4° high), smooth be- 

 low ; leaves ovatt -lana date, tapering gradually to a point, serrate with small oppressed 

 teeth, abruptly contracted into short margined petioles, rough above, whitish and 

 naked or minutely downy underneath ; scales of the involucre broadly lanceolate 

 with spreading tips, equalling the disk; rays mostly 10. — Var. mollis has tire 

 leaves softiy downy underneath. — River-banks and low copses ; common, espe- 

 cially westward. 



14. II. <livaB'ic;\tus, L. Stem simple or forked and corymbed at the 

 top (l°-4° high) smooth; leeives all opposite and divaricate, ovate-lanceolate, 3- 

 nerved from the rounded or truncate sessile base, tapering gradually to a sharp point 

 (3' -6' long), serrate, thickish, rough both sides; scales of the involucre lanceolate 

 from a broad base, pointed, equalling the disk; rays 8-12. — Thickets and bar- 

 rens; common. — Disk i' wide; rays 1' long. 



15. II. IiiB'SUttis, Raf. Stem simple or forked above, stout (1°- 2° high), 



bristly-hairy : leaves mure or less petioled, ovate-lanceolate, gradually pointed, slightly 

 serrate, rounded or obtuse at the base, very rough above, rough-hairy underneath; 

 scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, pointed, equalling the disk ; rays about 

 12. — Dry plains, &c, Ohio to Illinois, and southward. — Too near the last. 



16. M. tB'SBClBeliiioliMS, Willd. Stem loosely branched, tall, hairy; 

 leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply serrate, 

 smovthish or roughish-pubescent both sichs, contracted into short petioles; scales of 

 the involucre lanceolate-linear, elongated and very taper-pointed, loose, exceed- 

 ing the disk ; rays 12-15. — Copses, Penn. 1 Ohio to Illinois, and southward. — 

 Probably runs into the next. 



17. M. «lt'Cap£tallBS, L. Stem branching (3° -6° high), smooth be- 

 low; leaves thin and green both sides, smooth or roughish, ovate, coarsely serrate, 

 pointed, abruptly contracted into margined petioles ; scales of the involucre 

 lanceolate-linear, elongated, loosely spreading, the outer longer than the disk ; 

 rays about 10. — Var. fkond6sds has the outer involucral scales foliaceous or 

 changing to leaves. — Copses and low banks of streams ; common, especially 

 northward. (II. multiflorus, L., is probably a cultivated state of this.) 



18. II. tloi'OElBCoMes, Lam. Stem stout (5° -9° high), branching, 

 rough-hairy above ; leaves ovate or oblong-letnceolate, pointed, senate, strongly triple- 

 veined, rough above, smoothish or downy underneath, the lower often heart-shaped 



