CO.Ml'OSIT^E. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 231 



with alternate leaves and solitary or corymbed b Lowers chiefly yellow. 



fName from senex, an old man, alluding to the hoary hairs which cover many 

 species, or to the white hairs of the pappus.) Pee Addend. 



# Bays ttone: root annual. 



1. S. vulgXeis, L. (Common Groundsel.) Nearly smooth (6'-i2' 

 high); leaves pinuatifid and toothed, clasping; heads loosely corymbed. — 

 Waste grounds, E. New England and New York. (Adv. from Eu. I 



* * Bays present : root perennial : heads corymbed. 



2. S. aureus, L. (Golden Ragwort. Squaw-weed.) Smooth, or 

 fioccose-rvoolly when young (10'- 30' high) ; root-leaves simple and rounded, the lar- 

 ger mostly heart-shaped, eremite-toothed, long-petioled ; the lower stem-leaves lyre- 

 shaped, upper ones lanceolate, eut-pinnatitid, sessile or partly clasping ; corymb 

 umbel-like; rays 8-12. — Varies greatly, the leading forms being, — Var. 1. 

 obovatls, with the root-leaves round-oboyate (growing in drier places). — 

 Var. 2. BalsAmit.f., with the root-leaves oblong, spatulate, or lanceolate, 

 sometimes cut-toothed, tapering into the petiole. Rocky places. — Var. 3. lan- 

 CEOLATUS, (Jakes, with the leaves all lanceolate-oblong, thin, sharply and un- 

 equally toothed, either wedge-shaped or somewhat heart-shaped at the base, the 

 upper merely pinnatifld-cut towards the base. (Cedar swamps, Vermont, Bob- 

 bins.) — Common everywhere ; the primary form in swamps. May, June. 



3. S. Flliottii, Torr. & Gr. Soon smooth, stem simple (1° high), often 

 nearly leafless, bearing a small corymb; root-leaves thickis roundish, 

 narrowed into a shoi ! and winged petiole, or sessile, crenatc-toothed, sometimes ly- 

 rate ; stem-leaves small, cut-pinnatifid. — Rich soil, Virginia and southward 

 along the mountains. May. 



4. S. tomeiltoSUS* Michx. (Woolly RAGWORT.) Clothed with scarce- 

 ly deciduous hoary icool (l°-2° high) ; root-h obtuse, crenate-toothed. 

 on slender petioles; the upper sessile; corymb flat-topped; rays 12-15. — 

 Mountains of Penn. (Pursh), Virginia and southward. May. 



5. canus, Hook., which too closely resembles the last, probably occurs 

 within our Northwestern borders. 



64. ARNICA, L. Arnica. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays pistillate. Scales of the bell-shaped 

 involucre lanceolate, equal, somewhat in 2 rows. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate. 

 Aehcnia spindle-shaped. Pappus a single row of rather rigid and strongly 

 roughened-denticulate bristles. — Perennial herbs, chiefly of the mountains and 

 cold northern regions, with simple stems, bearing single or corymbed large 

 heads and opposite leaves. Flowers yellow. (Name thought to be a corruption 

 of Ptarmica.) 



1. A. mollis, Hook. Soft-hairy ; stem leafy (l°-2° high), bearing 1 to 5 

 heads ; leaves thin, rein;/, smoothish when old, toothed ; the upper ovate-lanceolate, 

 closely sessile ; the lower narrower, tapering into a margined petiole ; scales of 

 the involucre pointed; pappus almost plumose. — Alpine rivulets, &c, White 

 Mountains of N. Hampshire and mountains of N. New York : Lake Superior, 

 Prof. Whitney; and thence northwestward. July. 



