394 URTICACE^E. (nettle family.) 



1. C. Coiarjidii, Torrey. Diffusely branched, nearly smooth ; drupe 

 very small, dry and juicclcss when ripe. (Empctrum, Torr. Tuekermania, 

 Klotzscli. Oakesia, Tuck.) — Sandy pine barrens and dry rocky places, New 

 Jersey, Long Island ; Plymouth, Massachusetts ; Bath, and islands of Penob- 

 scot Bay, Maine. (Also Newfoundland.) April. — Shrub 6' -9' high: the 

 sterile plant handsome in flower, on account of the tufted purple filaments and 

 brown-purple anthers. ( Gray, Chlor. Bar. -Am. t.\.) 



Order 104. URTICACEiE. (Nettle Family.) 



Plants tvith stipules, and monozcious, dioecious, or sometimes (in the Elm 

 Family) perfect flowers, furnished with a regular calyx, free from the 1-celled 

 (rarely 2-celled) ovary which forms a 1-seeded fruit ; the embryo in the albu- 

 men when this is present; the radicle pointing upwards ; the stamens as many 

 as the lobes of the calyx and opposite them, or sometimes fewer. Cotyledons 

 usually broad. Stipules often deciduous. — A large order (far the greater 

 part tropical), comprising four well-marked suborders, viz. : — 



Suborder I. ULMACEJ3. The Elm Family. 



Flowers perfect or monceciously polygamous. Filaments straight or 

 moderately incurved in the bud. Styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara or 

 drupe. Seed suspended. — Trees, with a watery juice (no active or nox- 

 ious properties), and alternate leaves. 



* Fruit dry winged or crested (a samara) : anthers extrorse. 



1. ULMUS. Flowers mostly perfect. Ovary-2-celled, 2-ovuled. Fruit 1-celled, winged all 



round. Embryo straight. 



2. PLANERA. Flowers polygamous. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit wingless, many-crested. 



* * Fruit a drupe : anthers introrse. 



3. CELTIS. Flowers polygamous. Ovary 1-celled. Cotyledons curved and crumpled. 



Suborder II. ARTOCARPE^E. The Bread-fruit & Fig Fam. 



Flowers moncecious or dioecious, crowded in catkin-like spikes or heads ; 

 the calyx, &c. becoming fleshy or juicy in fruit, but the 1- (rarely 2-) 

 celled ovary ripening as a dry achenium. Styles or stigmas commonly 2. 

 ■ — Mostly trees or shrubs, with a milky or yellow (acrid or poisonous) 

 juice, and alternate (rough or smooth) leaves. — Stamens inflexed in the. 

 bud, and elastically spreading when the flower opens, in the Tribe More^e. 



4. MORUS. Fertile and sterile flowers in separate spikes. Stamens 4. Calyx berry-like in 



fruit. 



Suborder III. URTICEJE. The Nettle Family. 



Flowers moncecious or dioecious. Filaments transversely wrinkled and 

 inilexed in the bud, straightening or spreading elastically when the flower 

 opens. Style or stigma simple. Ovary always 1-celled, with an erect or- 

 thotropous ovule, forming an achenium in fruit. Embryo straight in the 



