CUPULIFERiE. (OAK FAMILY.) 405 



the ovoid large acorn. — Low, alluvial grounds, &c. ; common from Penn. 

 southward. — A fine tree; its wood inferior to the White Oak. — Acorn fully 

 1' long; the cup of nearly the same diameter. 



Var. mositicola, Michx. (Rock Chestnut-Oak.) Acorn ovoid-ob- 

 long, 1^' long. (Q. montana, Willd.) — Apparently only a form of the Swamp 

 Chestnut-Oak, growing in rocky or hilly woodlands ; W. New England to Ohio 

 and southward, especially along the Alleghanics. From the different soil, the 

 timber is more valuable. (Probably belongs to No. 5). 



Var. discolor, Michx. (Swamp White-Oak.) Leaves unequally and 

 more deeply sinuate-toothed, often almost sinuatc-pinnatijid, whitish-downy beneath, 

 bright green above ; cup with the scales more pointed, the upper sometimes 

 awned, and forming a fringed margin; acorns 1' or less long. (Q. bicolor, 

 Willd.) — Low grounds ; common throughout. — A marked variety ; but prob- 

 ably nothing more. 



5. Q. Castfmea, Willd. (Yellow Chestnut-Oak.) Leaves oblong, 

 lanceolate or oblong, acute, hoary-white and minutely downy underneath, equally 

 and rather sharply toothed; cup hemispherical, thin, of small apprcssed scales; 

 acorn ovoid or oblong, small. — Rich woods, W. New England to Wisconsin 

 and southward. — This has the leaves shaped more like those of the Chestnut 

 than any other, which, with the small fruit, distinguishes it from the la<f. Cup 

 £' across, fine-scaled : acorns §' long. Tree middle-sized. 



G. <£. prinoides, Willd. (Chinquapin or Dwaui Chestnut-Oak.) 



Leaves obovate and lanceolate oblong, coarsely wavy-toothed, downy underneath ; 

 peduncles short or none; cup hemispherical, thin; acorn ovoid, small (about as 

 largo as in No. 5). (Q. Chinquapin, Pursli.) — Sandy soil, New England, and 

 Albany, New York, to Ohio, Kentucky, and southward. — Shrub 2° -6° high. 



$ 2. Fruit not maturing until the second year, sessile or nearly so : kernel bitter. 

 * Leaves evergreen, entire or nearly so, hoary beneath. — LlVE Oaks. 



7. Q. virctlS, Ait. (Live Oak.) Leaves obtuse, coriaceous, oblong or 

 elliptical, hoary beneath; cup top-shaped ; acorn oblong. — Coast of Virginia and 

 southward. Farther south becoming a large and invaluable tree. 



8. Q. ciuerea, Michx. (Upland Willow-Oak.) Leaves acute, lance- 

 oblong, white-downy beneath; cup saucer-shaped; acorn globular. — Pine barrens, 

 Virginia and southward. A small tree ; leaves more or less deciduous. 



* # Leaves deciduous, entire, nanow. — Willow-Oaks. 



9. <£. Phellos, L. (Willow-Oak.) Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed 

 to both ends, smooth, light green ; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn globular. — Sandy 

 low woods, Long Island and New Jersey to Kentucky and southward. — Tree 

 30° -50° high, remarkable for the willow-like leaves, which are 3' -4' long. 

 Fruit small. 



10. <£. imbricaria, Michx. (Laurel or Shingle Oak.) Leaves 

 lanceolate-oblong, mueronate, thickish, smooth and shining above, somewhat downy 

 underneath ; cup saucer-shaped ; acorn globular. — Barrens and open woodlands, 

 New Jersey to Wisconsin and southward. — Tree 30° -50° high; the wood 

 used for shingles in the Western States, whence the name. 



