SALICACEJE. (WILLOW FAMILY.) 413 



somewhat cut-toothed ; fertile catkins long-stalked, ovoid. (A. undulata, Willd. 

 Betula crispa, Michx.) — On mountains and along streams which descend from 

 them, N. New England and New York, shore of L. Superior, and northward. 

 Shrub 3° -8° high. (Eu.) 



Order 110. SALICACE^. (Willow Family.;* 



Dioecious frees or shrubs, with both kinds of flowers in catkins, one under 

 each bract, e?itirely destitute of calyx or corolla; the fruit a 1-celled and 2- 

 valved pod, containing numerous seeds clothed with a long silky down. — 

 Ovary 1-celled or imperfectly 2-celled: styles 2, very short, or more or 

 less united, each with a 2-lobed stigma. Seeds ascending, anatropous, Avith- 

 out albumen. Cotyledons flattened. — Leaves alternate, undivided, with 

 scale-like and deciduous, or else leaf-like and persistent, stipules. Wood 

 soft and light : bark bitter. 



1. SALIX, To urn. Willow. Osier. 



Bracts (scales) of the catkins entire. Sterile flowers of 2 - 6 (rarely single) 

 stamens, accompanied by 1 or 2 little glands. Fertile flowers also with a small 

 flat gland at the base of the ovary on the inner side : stigmas short. — Trees or 

 shrubs, generally growing along streams, with round flexible branches and large 

 tough roots. Leaves mostly long and pointed, entire or glandularly toothed. 

 Buds covered by a single scale, with an inner adherent membrane (separating 

 in § 2). Catkins appearing before or with the leaves. (The classical name, 

 6aid to be derived from the Celtic sal, near, and lis, water.) 



§ 1 . Catkins lateral and sessile, appearing before the leaves in April or Mag : stamens 



2 : scales dark red or brown becoming black, more or less hairy, persistent. 



# Ovary stalked, doivny, hairy, or uvol/ij. 



t- Catkins ovoid or short-cylindrical, small : leaves entire or obscurely wavy-toothed, 



liairy or woolly, with prominent veins and more or less revolute margins. — Shrubs. 



1. S. Candida, Willd. (Hoary Willow.) Leaves narrowly lanceo- 

 late, taper-pointed, or the lowest obtuse, the upper surface and young branches 

 covered with a thin we^-like wool more white and dense beneath ; stipules small, lanceo- 

 late, toothed, about the length of the petioles; catkins oblong-cylindrical, closely 

 flowered ; ovary densely woolly ; style distinct ; stigmas 2-cleft ; scales oblong, 

 obtuse. (S. incana, Miclix., not of Schrank.) — New York and New Jersey to 

 Wisconsin, and northward ; in bogs. — Stems 2° - 5° high, with reddish twigs, 

 smooth and shining at maturity. The whole shrub of a very white aspect in 

 exposed situations, but greener in shade. 



2. S. tristis, Ait. (Dwarf Gray Willow.) Leaves almost sessile, 

 wedge-lanceolate, pointed, or the lower obtuse, grayish-woolly on both sides, the 



* I am indebted to John Caret, Esq., for the entire elaboration of this difficult family. (In 

 this second edition I have merely made slight additions respecting the range of some species ; 

 and have reduced the Kalm of Gilead to a variety of Populus balsamifera.) 



35* 



