CONIFERS. (PINE EA311LX.) - 421 



Suborder I. ABIETINEJE. The Proper Pine Family. 



1. P1NUS, Tourn. Pine. 



Flowers monoecious. Sterile catkins spiked, consisting of numerous stamens 

 inserted on the axis, with veiy short filaments and a scale-like connective : 

 anther-cells 2, opening lengthwise. Pollen of 3 united grains. Fertile catkins 

 terminal, solitary or aggregated, consisting of imbricated carpellary scales, each 

 in the axil of a deciduous bract, bearing a pair of inverted ovules at the base. 

 Fvuit a cone formed of the imbricated and woody carpellary scales, which are 

 thickened at the apex (except in White Pines), persistent, spreading when ripe 

 and dry ; the 2 nut-like seeds partly sunk in excavations at the base of the scale, 

 and in separating carrying away a part of its lining in the form of a thin and 

 fragile wing. Cotyledons 3-12, linear. — Primary leaves of the shoots thin 

 and chaff-like, merely bud-scales ; from their axils immediately proceed the 

 secondary leaves, which make the foliage, in the form of fascicles of 2 to 5 needle- 

 shaped evergreen leaves, from slender buds, the thin scarious bud-scales sheath- 

 ing the base of the cluster. Blossoms developed in spring ; the cones commonly 

 maturing in the autumn of the second year. (The classical Latin name.) 



4 1. Leaves 2 or 3 [very rarely 4) in a sheath, mostly rigid : bark rough : scales of 



the cones woody, thickened at the end and mostly spiny-tipped. 



* Leaves in twos, in No. 5 occasionally some in threes. 



1. P. Banksiuna, Lambert. (Gray or Northern Scrub Pine.) 

 Leaves short (1' long), oblique, divergent; cones ovate-conical, usually curved, 

 smooth, the scales pointless. (P. rupestris, Michx.f.) — Eocky banks, N. Maine, 

 N. Michigan and Wisconsin, and northward. — A straggling shrub or low tree 

 (5° - 20° high) ; the rigid leaves concave-grooved above ; the irregular or curved 

 cones 1 ^' - 2' long. 



2. P. inops, Ait. (Jersey or Scrub Pine.) Leaves rather short (lf- 

 23' long) ; cones oblong-conical, sometimes curved (2' -3' long), the scales tipped 

 with a prominent and straight awl-shaped prickle. — Barrens and sterile hills, New 

 Jersey to Kentucky and southward. A straggling tree, 15° -40° high, with 

 spreading or drooping branchlets : young shoots with a purplish glaucous bloom. 



3. P. puilgeilS, Michx. (Table Mountain Pine.) Leaves stout and 

 rigid, rather short (2£' long), crowded; cones ovate (3^' long), the scales armed 

 with a strong hooked spine (^' long). — Blue Ridge, Virginia, west of Charlottes- 

 ville (Curtis), and southward. Also, mountains of Penn., Prof. Porter, dec. 



4. P. resilldsa, Ait. (Red Pine.) Leaves from long sheaths, semicylin- 

 drical, elongated (5' -6' long), dark green ; cones ovoid-conical ; the scales point- 

 less. (P. rubra, Michx.f) — Dry woods, Maine to Penn., Wisconsin, and north- 

 ward. — Tree 50° -80° high, with reddish and rather smooth bark, and compact 

 wood, but usually less resinous than in No. 6. Cones about 2' long, sometimes 

 aggregated in large and close clusters. — Wrongly called Norway Pine. 



5. P. mitis, Michx. (Yellow Pine.) Leaves in pairs or mostly in 

 threes from long sheaths, channelled, slender (3' - 5' long) ; cones ovoid or oblong- 

 conical (barely 2' long) ; the scales tipped with a minute and weak prickle. (P. 



