532 ctperacejE. (sedge family.) 



Wood Creek, New York. Also in Ohio and S. Illinois. — Culm robust. 



3° high : perigynia |' in length. — Flowers in July, a month later than the last. 



* # Bracts conspicuously sheathing. 



117. C folIicuBaia, L. Staminate spike small, short-stalked, or often 

 sessile ; fertile spikes 3-4, ovoid, very remote, the lower on exserted peduncles; 

 perigynia erect-spreading, tapering from an oblong base, rather exceeding the ovate 

 white I mg-awned scale. (C. xanthophysa, Wald.) — Peat-bogs, New England to 

 Penm, and northward, and sparingly southward. — A robust plant, i°-4° high, 

 of yellowish appearance, with long foliaceous bracts, and leaves £' wide. 



118. C. restrain, Michx. Staminate spike small, nearly sessile ; fertile 



spikes 1 -3, commonly 2, roundish-ovoid, the lower rather distant on a short ex- 

 serted peduncle; perigynia erect or somewhat spreading, tapering from an oblong 

 slightly inflated base into a long slender beak twice the length of the blunt light- 

 brown scale. (C. xanthophysa, var. nana and minor, Dew.) — Cold bogs, moun- 

 tains of N. New York, New Hampshire, and northward. — Resembles the last ; 

 but smaller in all its parts, rigidly erect, and with narrow leaves. 



119. C Sllbulata, Michx. Fertile spikes 3-5, very remote, on included 

 peduncles loosely few- (4-8-) flowered, commonly with a few staminate flowers at 

 the apex ; perigynia awl-shaped, strongly reflexed at maturity : the orifice of the 

 long slender beak furnished with 2 sharp and rigidly deflexed teeth. (C. Collinsii, 

 Nutt. C. Michauxii, Dew.) — Cedar swamps, New Jersey to Rhode Island 

 (Olney) near the coast, and far northward : rare. 



120. C lupulilia, Muhl. Fertile spikes 2 - 4, oblong-ovoid, erect, the up- 

 per approximate, the lower on more or less exserted stalks ; perigynia erect, taper- 

 ing from the ovoid very injlated base into a conical slightly serrulate beak, much 

 longer than the lanceolate awned scale. — Var. polvstachya, Schw. & Torr. 

 (C. lupiniformis, Sartwell), has 4-5 longer cylindrical fertile spikes, the lowest 

 remote on a long peduncle ; and the perigynia more distinctly serrulate on the 

 angles of the beak. — Swamps and wet meadows ; common. — A coarse robust 

 species, with very thick spikes 2' - 3' in length ; the leaves and long leafy bracts 

 3-4 lines wide, very rough on the margin. 



§ 13. Peiigynia much inflated, oboi-oid or obconic, few-nerved, smooth, with an ex- 

 tremely abrupt and very long slightly roughened beak, terminated by 2 distinct 

 rather short membranaceous teeth, tawny-brown or straw-colored at maturity, 

 spreading horizontally, or the lower deflexed : bracts leaf-like, much exceed- 

 ing the culm. — Squarr6s,e. 



* Spikes 1-3, mostly solitary, very rarely 4-5, all of them principally pistillate, 

 with more or less staminate flowers at the base : sheaths of the upper bracts 

 obsolete. 



121. C. SCgliarrdsa, L. Fertile spikes ovoid or oblong, obtuse and very 

 thick, rigidly erect, on short stalks ; perigynia longer than the lanceolate pointed 

 scales, which are nearly concealed by the densely-crowded bases of the mature 

 fruit. (C. typhina, Michx.) — Low meadows and copses, S. New England to 

 Illinois and southward. — Remarkable for its densely-flowered, short and thick 

 spikes, about 1' long, to which the spreading beaks of the perigynia give a bris- 

 tly appearanc e. 



