139 



THi; MRtSF.NT RftU SYSTldM 4 1 



Box 2. {continued) 



tories system. DOE spent nearly $800 million on environmental R&D in 

 1992. DOE plans to devote tremendous resources to the cleanup of waste 

 generated at federal facilities engaged in vi^eapons research. However, only 

 a small proportion of these resources can be classified as R&D. 



Department of the Interior. The bulk of environmental R&D at the De- 

 partment of the Interior (DOI) is located in three of the department's five 

 divisions, with the largest programs at the U.S. Geological Survey (S367 

 million In 1992). and the Fish a.id Wildlife Service ($85 million). USGS 

 conducts research to gather, classify, and analyze information on land, 

 water, mineral and energy resources: FWS manages the nation's fish and 

 wildlife resources and conducts research through a system of National Re- 

 search Centers and Cooperative Research Units. Small programs exist in 

 the National Park Service, the Minerals Management Service, the Bureau 

 of Mines, the Bureau of Land Management, and in other units. Including the 

 Bureau of Reclamation. 



National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA's environment- 

 related R&D IS largely devoted to monitoring changes in land surface, 

 oceans, and atmosphere through space-based observations. Through its 

 Earth Observing System (EOS) program. NASA coordinates international ef- 

 forts to monitor global change. NASA devoted $826 million to environment- 

 related research programs in 1992. 



Department of Health and Human Services. The focal point for govern- 

 ment research In the environmental health field is the National Institute of 

 Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) within the National Institutes of 

 Health. NIEHS supports several university-based Environmental Health 

 Science Centers and supports pre- and post-doctoral training in environ- 

 mental health sciences. Research funding at NIEHS in 1992 was $303 mil- 

 lion. Like other NIH institutes, it sponsors a large extramural grants program. 

 The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the 

 Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control (CEHIC), and the 

 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) also engage in 

 environmental health research. ATSDR is responsible for conducting ap- 

 plied research en the health effects of exposure to hazardous substances, 

 while CEHIC engages in basic toxicology research. NiOSH's mission is to 

 conduct research to ensure safe and healthful working conditions.'' In 

 1992, $93 million was spent on research at NIOSH. In addition, the National 

 Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), located within the Food and Dru j 

 Administration, conducts research on food contaminants and is working to 

 advance rIsK assessment methodologies. 



Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 

 houses the majority of its environment-related research in three program 

 areas: the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the Agricultural Research Service 

 (ARS). and the Cooperative Slate Research Service. For fiscal year 1992, 

 the Forest Service research program focuses on 'national problem" areas. 



