144 



^6 ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 



Total R&D Total Non-Defense R&D 



All Other ^ All Other 



(93%) (86%) 



Figure 2. Federal Environmental R&D Spending vs. All Other Federal R&D 

 Spending (1992) 



Although regulatory costs are very large, the federal environmental 

 R&D effort represents just 7 percent of total government R&D expenditures 

 and 14 percent of total nondefense R&D expenditures (see Figure i). With 

 a budget deficit estimated at aix>ut $300 billion for fiscal year 1992., and 

 large deficits expected in future years, the federal government will be con- 

 strained in its ability to address environmental needs. As in the past, federal 

 funding for environmental protection is not likely to keep pace with envi- 

 ronmental problems and the expense of addressing them."-' However, if we 

 are to attain the goal of reducing environmental regulatory costs while 

 simultaneously improving envirotunental quality and addressing emerging 

 problems, a robust environmental R&D cffon is essential— one that care- 

 fully directs expenditures so that they yield maximum returns. 



ORGANIZATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 



The structure and function of federal R&D programs are largely determined 

 by the organization and mission of the federal departments and agencies 

 they suppon. The federal environmental R&D infrastructure is shown in 

 Figure 3. Federal agencies and departments cannot carry out their missions 

 without the scientific and technological foundation created by research and 

 development. Clearly, federal R&D programs must be organized in such 



