233 



NOTES AND REFERENCES 



«^7 



>,y. Charles VC' Powers, "The Role of NGOs in lmprovin|; the Employment of Science and 

 Technology in Environmental Management." background paper for the Carnegie Commission 

 on Science, lechnology. and (.civernnient, lisle Force on Nongovernmental Organizations. 1991. 



>,^. Committee for the NIE. "National Institutes for the Environment: A Proposal." Wash- 

 ington. DC. 1991. 



S: The Environmental Quality Improvement Act of 1970 (Public Law 9i-im) established 

 the Olhce of Environmental Quality: "There is established in the Executive Office of the President 

 an olTiie to lit known as the Office of Environmental Quality The Chairman of the Courxil 



uii Eiiviiuiiiiiciiial Quality established by Public Law 91-190 shall be the Director of the Office. 

 There shall be in the Office a Deputy Director who shall be appointed by the President, by and 

 with the advice and consent of the Senate" 



)t Carnegie Commission on Science. Technology, and Government, op al.. note 1 above. 



57 Mark Schaefer. "Bridging the Environmental Rescarch/Pblicy Interface: Three Organiza- 

 tional and Procedural Proposals." presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association 

 for the Advancement of Science. February 10. 1991 



58. Roben W. Fri. "Used and Useful: Science. Technology, and Policy," remarks presented 

 at the Electric Power Research Institute Board of Directors/Advisory Council Summer Seminal, 

 August 10. 1991 



^9. Schaefer. op. cii., note \y above 



40. National Commission on the Environment, op. ctt., note j above. 



41. Carnegie Commission on Science. Technology, and Government, op. cil.. note i above. 

 ji Office of Science and Technology Policy. "Out Changing Planet: The FY 1991 US Global 



Change Research Program." a report b)' the Committee on Eanh Sciences. Federal Coordinating 

 Council for Science. Engineering, and Technology 



4 ) . William D. Ruckelshaus. "Risk, Science, and Democracy." hiues in Science and TechnoJogj 

 '(>)•'»-!>>. 1985. 



44 US Environmental Protection Agency. "Safeguarding the Future: Credible Science. Cred- 

 ible Decisions." EPA/6oo'9-9i/oso, March 1991. 



4^. Letter to the Honorable Edward P Boland, Chairman, House Appropriations Subcom- 

 mittee on VA. HUD. and Independent Agencies, April 5. 1984 



46. Ralph de Gennaro, Friends of the Eanh, testimony before the House Commince on Science, 

 Space, and Technology, March 19, 1991. 



47. U.S. House of Repiescnutives, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. 'The Role 

 of Science at EPA and Fiscal Year 199; Budget Authorization for EPA's Office of Research and 

 Development." Hearing, March 19, 1991, No. 119, U5. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 



48. After the Task Force drafted its proposal for combining the USGS and NOAA. it was 

 brought to a lask Force member's attention that a similar proposal had been developed by a USGS 

 employee in 1987. The USGS Chief Geologist. Roben M. Hamilton, wrote an internal memo- 

 randum (dated January 16, 1987) in which he stated: "Program coordination and integration with 

 NOAA are potentially so important that they deserve special consideration. In reality, the USGS 

 has more programmatic interests in common with NOAA than with other DOl bureaus. 1 believe 

 that integration of USGS and NOAA information and data services should be seriously evaluated. 

 Moreover, I think consideration should be given to combining USGS and NOAA to form a new 

 organization." Dr. Hamilton went on to suggest the new organization be called the National Eanh 

 Science and Technology Aiitninistration (NESTA). 



Indeed. Dr. Hamilton sought and received confirmation from WalterJ. Hickel, Sr., former 

 Secretary of the Interior (in a letter dated June 18. 1986), that during the Nixon Administration 

 seriotis coiuideration had been given to placing NOAA in the Department of the Interior. 



49 I.ir an independent evaluation oftheEMAP Program, sec "Review of EPA's Eitvironmental 

 Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP): Interim Repon." National Research Council. Wash- 

 ington, DC. June 1991. 



^o. Information on Amu DjU Inleraclive: A Prototype CD-ROM Science Journal m»y be 

 obtained from the Information Systems Division. U.S. Geological Survey. 801 National Center. 

 Reston. VA. 11.091. 



