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Potential social, economic, and political barriers to watershed restoration and 

 management include: 



1 . Hydroelectric power industry water diversion projects. 



2. Timber industry - ecologically appropriate riparian forest regulations will restrict 

 timber revenues. 



3. Agricultural interests - restrictions of water diversion to agricultural lands. 



3. Floodplain development - ecologically appropriate restrictions of development 

 within river floodplains. 



4. Tax laws - use of tax revenues to fund a watershed initiative. 



5. Private stewardship of watersheds. 



IV Restoration and Maintenance of High Quality Watershed Health - 

 Sustainability of Harvestable Naturally Spawning Fish Populations - 

 Management Techniques and Directives. 



To be successful watershed restoration must restablish: 



1 ) The watershed's natural hydrologic and disturbance regimes; 



2) The historic physical linkages between streams and their associated floodplains 

 and wetlands; 



3) The riparian forest and other riparian plant communities. 



Present and historic fish habitat management approaches focus primarily upon the site- 

 specific establishment of in-stream structures to create habitat elements such as pools 

 and riffles (e.g. cabled logs, in-stream boulders), and the reestablishment of stream 

 temperature control through riparian reforestation. Though sometimes effective in the 

 short term, the in-stream staicture approach is neither a long term solution, nor cost- 

 effective (i.e. the cost of in-stream structure placement throughout a watershed would be 

 prohibitive). This approach is inadequate to achieve the goal of restoring and maintaining 

 natural levels of physical and biological complexity in a stream ecosystem (Bisson et al. 

 1992). Watershed restoration goals need to be set within a long term context of many 

 decades (>50 yrs) and should include the entire watershed from headwater streams to 



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