140 



15 



and place as the wild population shall comprise no more than 10% of the 

 total number of naturally spawning fish." Biological rationale for the 10% 

 value and its application to genetic conservation for all naturally spawning 

 stocks is unapparent. 



Operating principles for keeping hatchery fish genetically similar to wild 

 fish briefly consider donor stock source and adults mated. Rearing 

 practices, size of remaining donor stock and fertilization protocols 

 are not addressed at all, although they could be included in a gene 

 resource conservation policy currently in preparation (Mark Chilcote, 

 ODFW, personal communication). 



3.4.1 Donor Stock Source 



This issue is briefly addressed without referring to specific guidelines: 



"Use only hatchery fish that originated from the wild population"; and "incorporate 

 naturally produced fish in the broodstock in every generation." 



3.4.2 Adults Mated 



Genetic concerns are briefly addressed without referring to specific 

 guidelines: 



"Avoid random and nonrandom genetic change due to failure to maintain a 

 representative sampling of the genes within a population." 



3.5 Guidelines in WDF Documents 



WDF documents give guidelines for donor stock sources, adults mated, 

 fertilization protocols, and rearing practices. WDF-1 provides the 

 conceptual background and general guidelines. WDF-2 and WDF-3 give 

 more specific guidelines. Owing partly to the writing style, much of the 

 text in WDF-2 is hard to follow and rationale for some advice is ambiguous. 

 Size of remaining donor stock is not discussed in any WDF document. 



3.5.1 Donor Stock Source 



WDF-3 lists allowable donor stocks for various salmon hatcheries, with a 

 preamble implying an approach of keeping hatchery stocks similar to 

 natural or wild stocks with which they may genetically interact. Chapter 1 

 of WDF-1 directly calls for the same approach. It also recommends 

 maintaining separate identity of stocks in situations where more than one 

 stock is propagated at a hatchery. 



