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Monitoring programs must be designed to evaluate and prevent two 

 sources of loss of genetic variation in hatchery stocks. First, random losses 

 of genetic variation must be evaluated by monitoring effective population 

 size in every breeding season, particularly as affected by variation in 

 family size. Second, systematic losses of genetic variation must be 

 considered by monitoring sources of inadvertent artificial selection. 



C. Monitor genetic resources and life history patterns of wild or 

 natural stocks with which hatchery stocks may genetically 

 interact. 



Similarities and differences between well-performing naturally 

 reproducing stocks and hatchery stocks must be addressed. As explained 

 for recommendation 5.5. B, monitoring needs to focus primarily on 

 polygenic variation, and secondarily on single gene variation. Additionally, 

 some relevant demographic information is obtainable from fisheries and 

 stream surveys. 



D. Determine susceptibility of naturally reproducing stocks to 

 indirect genetic impacts due to ecological interactions with 

 hatchery stocks. 



Factors to consider are introduced in section 4.6. B. 



E. If intentional selection programs are used, undertake 

 carefully monitored small-scale experiments before 

 considering operational implementation. 



Requirements for any undertaken selection program are outlined in section 

 3.7.4.B. 



F. Develop a database of life history patterns, genetic variation, 

 and population dynamics of naturally reproducing and 

 hatchery stocks. 



Ideally, the database would integrate temporal and spatial information 

 from the entire Columbia River Basin for genetically or ecologically 

 interacting stocks. Such a database will facilitate research and monitoring 

 of genetic concerns influencing sustainability of salmon and steelhead 



