CHAP. ni. CONTINENT OF EUROPE. 151 



sylvestris, Tse'da, variabilis ; A^h'iea alba, balsamifera, Picea, canadensis ; 

 iarix europae^a, niicrocarpa, pendula ; Ciipressus /hyoides ; Tliuja australis, 

 cupressoides, occidentalis, orientalis ; /uniperus communis, Oxycedrus, 

 jSabina and var., virginiana ; T'axus baccata and var. 



Smildcece. iJuscus aculeiitus, androgynus. 



In Prussia the botanic garden at Berlin contains a very full collection, all 

 planted within the last 20 years, and of which an enumeration, kimily sent us 

 by M. Otto, will be found in the Gardener's Magazine, vol. xi. p. oil. In this 

 garden Magnolia acuminata is from 20 ft. to 30 ft. high ; and several species or 

 varieties of American ash trees, such as F. amer. expansa, F. amer. epiptera, 

 F. amer. juglandifolia, and several American oaks, arc from 20 to 30 years 

 old, and from 25 ft. to 30 ft. high. At Sans Souci there is a collection which 

 has been planted from 10 to 50 years, and in which the tulip tree and the horse- 

 chestnut, in \b years, have attained the height of 50 ft. ; the Magnob'a acu- 

 minata, 12 years planted, is only of the height of Gft. ; ^'cer rubrum, in 43 

 years, has attained the height of 38 ft. ; and Ailanlits glandulosa, in 30 years, that 

 of 20 ft. At the Pfouen Insel there is a good collection, from 40 to 50 years 

 planted, among which we observe Magnolia acuminata, 8 years planted, 

 18 ft. high; yfoer eriocarpum, 40 years planted, 50 ft. high; Xegundo fvdi\im- 

 folium, 40 years planted, 40 ft. high ; .So^^/iw-a japonica, 9 years planted, 12 ft. 

 high ; and Platanus orientalis, 42 years planted, and 55 ft. high. The soil of 

 these three gardens is a deep sand. Prince Piickler INIuskau has a collection 

 at Muskau in Silesia, about twenty miles from Dresden ; and, according to 

 M. Hofman (Gard. Mag., vol. xii.), it contains some fine tulip trees, and 

 beeches. The public promenades and squares at Breslau are planted with 

 trees, which are placed at a sufficient distance to allow them to attain their 

 full size. 



In Bavaria there is an excellent collection in the botanic garden at Munich, 

 and also in the royal gardens at Nymphenburg, and in the royal nurseries. 

 Considering the elevated situation, unfavourable climate, and very indifferent 

 soil, the gardening exertions made at Munich, and the success attending them, 

 surpass those of any other government of Germany. Much of this success is 

 owing to the skill, industry'^ and enthusiasm, of the late and present garden 

 directors, Charles Sckell,; and Charles Louis Sckell. There is an excellent 

 collection of trees and shrubs around the old castle of Heidelberg, and some 

 specimens of great antiquity there have been already mentioned, (p. 147.) 



In Saxony there is a collection in the botanic garden at Drescfcn, planted 

 since 1815. There is here, in the royal gardens, the largest standard fig tree 

 in Germany ; it is 60 ft. high, with atrunk 18 in. in diameter at one foot from 

 the ground. Every year it bears some thousands of figs ; but it requires pro- 

 tection by a boarded' house during winter. In the royal gardens at Pilnitz 

 are the largest and oldest camellias in Germany ; they form bushes about 

 20 ft. high, the stems 4 in. or 5 in. thick ; and they are protected in winter by 

 a wooden house, in the roof of which are small windows. In the garden of 

 Lieutenant Weber, at Dresden, there is an excellent collection of foreign hardy 

 shrubs, as well as some enormously large fig ti-ees, which are known to be 

 above 200 years old. The beautiful road fromWorlitz to Dresden is bordered 

 by magnificent oaks, only equalled in Germany by those of the finest parts of 

 the Black Forest. 



In Hanover, at Gottingen, there is an excellent collection under the care of 

 our esteemed friend and correspondent M. Fischer, one of the most active 

 and zealous garden directors in Germany; there are, also, the collections at 

 Schwdbber, and the other places already noticeil. At Herrenhausen is a rich 

 collection of trees and shrubs, planted "in 1834 by M. Wendiand. At Haroke, 

 near Helmstadt, there is averv interesting garden laid out in different scenes, 

 which are called Canada, Virginia, <li:c., from the native countries of the 

 trees planted in them; thus forming a kind of geographical garden. (See 

 (Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. G47.) Among these trees are a very large salisburia, 

 and many large liriodeudrons. One part of the ground is laid out and 



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