iMO 



SCIENCi: OF THE STUDY OF TREES. 



PAirr II. 



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when they arc hi fruit; and, in the case 

 of deciduous trees, in winter, wlien 

 they are in a naked state, to show the 

 appearance of the wood at that season. 

 In the second phice, as these require 

 to be drawn with scientific accuracy, 

 tliey can only be properly done by 

 taking the specimens home, inserting 

 their ends in water, and drawing them 

 with the greatest care before they 

 begin to fade or shrivel. Tiie speci- 

 men in flower will naturally, in most 

 cases, be drawn first ; and, because 

 the flower is the first in the order 

 of nature, it ought either to be put 

 on the top of the page, or on the left - 

 hand side of it, in order that it may 

 come first in observing or reading. 

 This is the reason why, in our volume 

 of plates, we have, in the case of each 

 young tree, always put the spring or 

 flowering specimen on the left hand, 

 and the autumn or fruiting specimen on the right hand. For a corresponding 

 reason, we have shaded the entire trees on the right hand rather than the left, 

 because the eye, being first attracted by the light parts of an object, proceeds 

 afterwards to'the shade. Where the flowers, when fully expanded, or the fruit 

 or leaves, when fully grown, are less than an inch across, a flower, fruit, or leaf. 





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of the natural size is given; and, to distinguish these full-sized specimens 

 from such as arc drawn' to a scale of 2 in. to a foot, those of the full size are 

 marked with a cross, thus +. Wiiere a tree is of one sex, or has the sexes 

 in different flowers on the same tree, the male flowers are marked by an w, 

 and the female flowers by an/; and some trees, as in the case of the common 

 ash (Fnixinus excelsior), the hermaphrodite flowers by an //. In one or two 

 ca.ses, it has been deemed useful to give magnified specimens of flowers or 

 their parts; in which cases the abbreviation ))iag. is added to show this, ^yhere 

 the tree is deciduous, a sjiecimcn of tlic young wood, as it appears in winter, 

 is given to the same scale of 2'm. to a foot. These rcciuisites show that 

 nearly a whole year is requireil, in order to draw properly tiie botanical spe- 

 cimens of any one tree. 



In the case of full-grown trees, we have in general c«)nsidered it unnecessary 

 to give more than a sufficient |)ortion of foliage to show the touch of the 



