CHAP. IV. PLAN OF Uii^WCKlPTION AND HISTORY. 227 



and also cooperage, locksmithry, turnery, mathematical instrument- 

 making, trunk-making, &c. 



B. The Maniifacture of Machinery, Instruments, Implements, and Utensils, 

 comprehends the making of mills, machines, carriages, implements of 

 husbandry, gates, fences, ladders, pumps, water-])ipes, gun-stocks, spade- 

 handles, and an almost innumerable nuudjer of similar articles. 



C. The Arts of Fuhricution are, weaving, lope-making, mat-making, &c. 



D. The Chemical Arts include tanning, dyeing, colouring, the expression 

 of oils, the extraction of sugar, the distillation of pyroligneous acid, of 

 ardent spirits, the fermentation of wine, beer, &c. 



E. The Arts of Domestic Economy include tlie preparation of wood for 

 fuel , basket-making, and toy-making ; the preparation of walking-sticks, 

 fishing-rods, and other ariicles used in games, sports, pastimes, recrea- 

 tions, &c., and of chests, desks, and coffins. 



F. The Arts of Rural Economy comprehend the use of trees and shrubs, 

 in a living state, in agriculture, gardening, and ])lantiiig ; and, also, 

 their use in producing leaves, or stems, to serve as food for dcmiestic 

 animals, fruit for food or drink for man, wood for fencing, draining, Sc. 



G. Medicine. Various parts of trees enter into the materia medica of the 

 medical corporations ; while others are used only in empirical practice : 

 both uses will be noticed in a succinct manner. 



H. The Use of Trees by the Priests of particular Religions, ^nd the ancient 

 uses of some of them as charms, d'c, as of the oak and the mistletoe by 

 the Druids, the rowan tree by the believers in witches, &c., will be 

 slightly noticed. 

 I. Poetical, Mythological, and legendary Associations are connected with 

 various trees and shrubs; and the ideas which these species i-ecall may 

 be considereil as a part of their use. 

 K. The Picturesque and Decorative Uses of Trees will, as far as respects 

 planting them, be considered under gardening ; but, under this head, will 

 be noticed their suitableness for the landscape-painter; the architect, 

 for architectural ornaments; the house decorator; the decrator of 

 diiferent arts and manufactures, such as those of china, printed tissues, 

 paper-hangings, &c.; and the decorator of theatres, triumphal arches, 

 processions, &c. 

 10. Propagation. In general, all perfect plants may be propagated by all 

 the different modes of propagation known either in nature or art. All 

 perfect plants produce seeds, and may be ijro])agated by them ; and they 

 all produce buds, and, for the most part, these buds may be separated from 

 the parent plant, along with a portion of its wood, and inserted in the soil, 

 or in other plants, so as to become plants also. But, as all trees and shrubs 

 are not susceptible of being propagated by all modes with an equal de- 

 gree of facility, the use of treating of the propagation of individual species 

 is, to point out the methods which are considered most advantageous 

 for each. It is also particularly necessary, to indicate certain modes 

 of propagation as best adapted for certain y)urposes; as, for example, 

 that of buds, or any other mode of division, for the continuation of 

 varieties, &c. 



A. Natural Propagation is effected by seeds, by side suckers or root suckers, 

 and by surface stolones or underground stolones. 



B. Artificial Propagation is effected by seeds, suckers, cuttings, layers, 

 rinsing, budding, grafting, and inarching. 



a. By Seeds. Seeds are employed in artificial, as well as in natural, pro- 

 pagation. The subject embraces their ripening on the tree, their 

 gathering, keeping, preparation for sowing, time of sowing, soil, situa- 

 tion, preparation, and time for transplanting. 



b. By Suckers. These are of two kinds: side suckers, which rise up 

 close to the stem of the plant, as in the case of the common lilac ; and 

 root suckers, which rise up from the roots of the plant, to whatever 

 distance these may extend, as in the case of the common plum, the 



s3 



