382 ARBOUl-'ILM AND FUUTICKTUM. PART III. 



witli boiiie prutectiun liuriiig winter ; and a few of them, wlieii uncc esta- 

 bliblied, witli no protection whatever. They are all readily pro[)a!,'ated by 

 layers, which, for the commoner sorts, are made from stools [)lanted in cold- 

 pits. They are also propagated by cuttings of the ripe wood, planted in 

 autnnni, and kept in a C()ol frame through the winter, being put into heat 

 when they begin to grow in the spring, drafting, inarching, and budding 

 are employed for propagating the sorts that are comparatively rare. Various 

 new sorts have been raised from seeds ripened in this country. 

 An excellent work has been published on the CamcWiccs, by Messrs. 



Chandler and Booth, entitled Illustratioiis and Descriptions of the CnmcUiece ; 



in which many of the finest varieties are figured, and scientifically described. 



Another work, on the same genus, is in course of publication by the Messrs. 



Baumann, at BoUwyller. 



• 1. C. japo'mca L. The Japanese Canieilia, or the red single-Jloweicd 



Came Ilia. 



Identification. Lin. Sp., 982. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. ^,99. ; Don's Jlill., 1. p. 574. 



Engravings. Cav. Diss., 6. t. 16iJ. ; Jacq. Icon, rar, •'>. t. ."I'vi. ; Duh. Ed. nov., (.71. ; I'ot. Map., 



t. 42. ; Chandl. 111., t 1. ; Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 25. ; Loil. Hot. Cab., t. 329. and 455. ; Loi». Herb. 



Amat, t. 43, 44, 45, and 46. ; and out fig. 94. 



Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acutely 



serrated. Flowers axillary, sessile, usually solitary. ^^<-r<^ 



Ovary smooth. {Don\s j\iill., i. p. 574-.) An ever- ^.'^^,: 



green shrub or low tree, perfectly hardy in the 

 neighbourhootl of London, as a standard in the 

 free soil, when once thoroughly established. 



Geography, Hi.sfori/, Sfc. The Camel l/V/ japonica ''^' - ^ 



is indigenous both in China and Japan, and probabls ' 

 in other parts of Asia not yet explored by botanists. v..^.^' 

 In Japan, it forms a lofty ti'ee in high esteem with the ^'^^S^ 

 Japanese for tiie elegance of its large flowers, which ,'ut^ ^~^' 

 there exhibit a great variety of colours, and are pro- 

 duced from October to April. The trees are uni- '7 Oo 

 versally planted in the Japanese gardens ; and, ''^'-' '-: 

 according to Thunberg, there are there several double- 

 flowered varieties ; and, among others, a double purple. The Camelli* 

 was introduced into England by Lord Petre, about or before 1739. The 

 first plants brought over were killed by being kept in a stove ; but it was 

 afterwards reimported, and kept in a conservatory. The plant began to come 

 into general estimation in Englaml about the beginning of the present 

 century; and it has since been more extensively propagated than any other 

 genus of green-house plants, unless we except Pelargonium and Erkii. Within 

 the last 15 or 20 years plants of this species have been tried in the open air, 

 some against walls, and others as bushes ; and, provided they are |)rotected 

 for a few years after planting, till the roots become firmly established in the 

 soil, they seem to be nearly as hardy, even in the climate of Lonilon, as the 

 common laurel. Sweet, who, it will be allowed, is a competent judge, says, 

 " the Cameiha is not generally so nmch cultivated as it deserves to be, though 

 it is very hardy, standing out our severest winters when planted out against a 

 wall, or in any sheltered situation, without protection." In Devonshire ca- 

 mellias form inunense evergreen bushes without any protection whatever, and 

 have even ripened seeds from which young plants have been raised. There is 

 a single red camellia at Bicton, about 2}, miles from the sea, and 83 It. above 

 its level, which is 9 ft. 6 in. high, with the head covering a space 1-2 ft. (> in. in 

 diameter. The soil and subsoil are chiefly sand, and the situation not par- 

 ticularly well sheltered. It has been planted out for 16 years, and not pro- 

 tected for the last 12 years. During the la,>t five years", it has endured a 

 temperature of 10° Fah., without sustaining the slightest injury. At Bii ton 

 there are a number of other varieties of C. japonica planted out as bushes. 

 In the Vauxhall Nursery 8 sorts have stood out against a north-west wall 

 for 8 years, and flowered freely every year without the slightest protection; 



