CHAP. CXill. 



CONIFERiE. PI^NUS. 



2153 



on short footstalks. Buds ovate, blunt-pointed, and more or less covered 

 with resin. 



A. Cones having the Scales ivithout Prickles, 

 t \. P. SYLVE'STRis L. The wood, or Scotch, Pine, or Scotch Fir. 



Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1418. ; Willd. 4. 494. ; Ger. Emac, 1356. ; Hook. Scot., 275. : Dum. Bot. 

 Cult, 6. p. 456. ; Woodv. Med. Bot, 570. t. 207. ; Smith Fl. Br., 1 1031. ; Huds. Angl., 423.; 

 With. Arr., ed. 3. 615. ; Pall. Ross., 1. p. 1. 5. ; Vill. Dauph., 3. p. 804. ; Mill, lllust., t. 82. ; Du 

 Roi Harbk., ed. Patt, 2. p. 16. ; Hunt Evel. Syl., 1. p. 274. ; Eng. Fl., 4. p. 159. ; Willd. Baum., 

 p. 265. ; Hayne Dend., p. 172. ; Jaume St. Hilaire, t 55. ; Rich, sur les Conif., p. ^O. ; Hfiss An- 

 leit, p. 3. ; Smith in Rees's Cycl., No. 1. ; Hook. Br., p. 406. ; N. Du Ham., 5. p. 230. ; Lamb. Pin., 

 ed. fol. 1. 1. 1., and ed. 8vo, 1. t 1. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 125. ; Mackay Fl. Hibern., p. 258. ; 

 Lindl. Synop., p. 241. ; Pouchet Bot appliquee, 2. p. 666. ; Laws. Man., p. 328. 



Synonymes. P. fOliis binis, &-c., Hall. Hclv., No. 1660. ; P. riibra Mill. Diet, No. 3. ; P. sylv^stris 

 communis Ait. Hort. Kew., 3. p. 366. ; P., No. 29. Gmel. Sib., 1. p. 178, ; Pin Sauvage, Pin d'Ecosse, 

 Fr. ; gemeine Fohre, gemeine Fichte, Kiefer, Taune, and 55 other names, which are given in 

 Hayne's Abbildung., Ger. ; Pynboom, Dutch ; Pino sylvatico, Ital. ; Pino sylvestre. Span. ; Fyrre, 

 Dan. and Swcd. ; Sosna, Pol., Boh., and Russ. 



Engravings. Woodv. Med. Bot, t207. ; Pall. Ross., t2. f. 1.; Mill. lllust, 1 82. ; Hunt Evel. 

 Syl., p. 274. ; Black., 1 190. ; Eng. Bot, 35. t 2460. ; Lamb. Pin., 2d ed., 1. 1 1. ; N. Du Ham., 5. 

 t 66. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t 138. ; Hayne Abbild., 1 153. 



Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves rigid, in pairs. Young cones stalked, 

 recurved. Crest of the anthers very small, (Smith.) Buds 

 (^g. 204-3.) ovate, blunt-pointed, from i in. to i in. long,and J in. 

 wide in the broadest part ; white, with a reddish tip, the white 

 produced by resinous exudation. The central bud generally with 

 5 or 6 smaller ones round h. Leaves (^g. 204-4. Zi.) from 1 J in. to 

 2J in. long, somewhat waved and twisted, slightly concave on the 

 upper, and convex on the under surface ; light bluish green, 

 finely serrulated on the edges ; the sheath lacerated and slightly 

 ringed. Cones (j%. 2044. «) from 2 in. to 3 in, long, and from 

 1 in. to liin. broad. Scales (/g. 2044-. d) from 1 in. to li in. 2043 

 long, terminating in an irregular four-sided projecting point, often re- 

 curved. Seeds, with the wing (c), from 1 in. to )^in. long; without the 



2044 



wing, from -jV '"• ^^ tV^"* 

 long; dark-coloured. Coty- 

 ledons (Jig. 2043.) 3 to 7. — 

 A tall, straight, hardy, long- 

 lived tree, from 60 ft. to 

 100 ft. high ; a native of most 

 parts of Europe, flowering in 

 May and June, and ripening 

 its cones about 18 months 

 afterwards ; the most valu- 

 able, for its timber, of all the 

 European species of Pinus. 



Varieties. Like all trees which 

 have an extensive geographi- < 

 cal range, and grow on almost 

 every kind of soil, and at 

 great elevations as well as in j 

 plains, the varieties and vari- 

 ations of the Scotch pine 

 are exceedingly numerous ; 

 both as respects the exterior 

 appearance of the tree, and 

 the quality of its timber and 

 resinous products. On poor 

 soils, at great elevations, it 

 becomes a diminutive shrub : and in low situations, where it is a lofty 

 timber tree, the wood on some light sandy soils, is white, almost 

 without resin, and of little duration ; while on other soils, of a colder and 

 more substantial nature, it is red, heavy, and of great durability. It 

 appears, also, that the same soil will produce both white-wooded, and red- 



