CHAP. CXIII. CONI'fER>E, Pl^NUS. 2223 



for tar, lampblack is formed on the cover of the furnace ; but a superior kind 

 is made from the straw, &c., used in straining the resin, which is burned for 

 the sole purpose of obtaining this [Pigment. The apparatus employed for 

 this purpose consists of a furnace, a chimney, and a small chamber, or box, 

 for collecting the soot. The furnace is about 2 ft. 6 in. wide, 3 ft. or 4 ft. long, 

 and 2 ft. 6 in. high ; and it is usually set in brick. On each of the long sides, 

 this furnace has an opening near the bottom, which can be shut at pleasure, 

 by means of a little door attached to it. The furnace has a brick chimney, 

 made almost horizontal, to conduct the smoke into the chamber, or box. 

 The chimney is from 14 in, to 16 in. long, and 12 in. or 13 in. broad and high. 

 At the place where the pipe of the chimney terminates, is constructed a 

 chamber, or box, into which the pipe should enter some inches, so as to carry 

 the smoke into its centre. This chamber is generally about 12 ft. square, and 

 9ft. high in the roof; there is a door on one side, and in the upper part, or 

 ceiling, there is an opening 5 ft. or 6 ft. square. The walls of the chamber 

 are either lined with thin planks of wood, or plastered very smooth ; and the 

 door is fitted closely into a groove. Over the opening in the roof is placed 

 a flannel bag, supported by rods of wood in the form of a pyramid, and com- 

 posed of four pieces of coarse flannel sewed together. When the lampblack 

 is to be made, a little of the straw through which the resin and tar have been 

 strained, and some of the other refuse, are put into the furnace, and lighted, 

 fresh straw impregnated with tar being strewed over the fire as fast as the 

 other is consumed. The smoke passes into the chamber, and deposits its soot 

 on the walls, and on the flannel bag, from both of which it is detached, after 

 the whole of the straw and refuse has been burned, by striking the outside 

 smartly with a stick. The flannel pyramid acts as a filter to the lighter part 

 of the smoke, retaining the soot, and permitting the heated air to escape into 

 the atmosphere. The door of the chamber is then opened, and the lamp- 

 black, being swept out, is packed in small barrels made of the wood of the 

 spruce fir, for sale. In the Landes, the furnace and chimney are in the open 

 air, and only the chamber is covered with a tiled roof; but in Germany the 

 whole apparatus is constructed in a barn-like building, about 24 ft. long, by 

 12 ft. wide, and 10 ft. high. (See Hartig's Lehrbuchfur Forster, as quoted by 

 Baudrillart.) In Du Hamel's Traite des Arbres et Arbustes, art. Pin, he tells 

 us that lampblack is sometimes made, in Paris and other cities, by burning 

 the black resin in a kind of lamp, with a tin tube attached to serve as a chimney, 

 the end of which tube is fixed in a close box, with an opening in the top, sur- 

 mounted with a flannel cone, as before described. 



Turpentine is rarely made from the pinaster, as it is very inferior to that 

 produced by the silver fir. Oil of turpentine is, however, procured by 

 distilling the galipot, or raw resin, obtained from the tree, with water. 

 The oil ascends with the water, from which it is afterwards separated ; and 

 the residue is the colophony, or black resin, of the shops. The tar pro- 

 duced from the pinaster, which is very inferior to that of the Scotch pine, 

 is called in France, goudron des Landes, or goudron de Gaze. When the 

 trees have yielded all their resin, they are cut down, and the thickest parts of 

 the trunk and roots cut into billets, about 2 ft. long and 2 in. square, which 

 are piled up over an iron grating, and covered with clay at the sides, and 

 burnt much in the same manner as has been already described (p. 2174.) 

 for procuring tar from the Pinus sylvestris. 



In Britain, it can hardly be considered advisable to plant the pinaster for 

 its timber, in any situation where the Scotch pine or the larch will grow ; 

 and, even if it were profitable to employ the tree in the production of resin, 

 our summers are probably not sufficiently warm to produce that secretion in 

 any quantity. As an ornamental pine, the pinaster holds the first rank ; and 

 no plantation, where pines are admissible, ought to be without it. 



Soil, Situation, Propagation, Src A deep dry sand, or a sandy loam on a 

 dry bottom, suits this tree best ; and, according to Malesherbes and Rosier, and 

 all the French autiiors who have written on it, it abhors chalk, and every de- 



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