2234 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



1834, after being 12 years planted, 18 ft. high. P. halepensis is the most 

 tender of European pines, not even excepting P. Pi'nea. 



Geography. The Aleppo pine is indigenous in Syria, in the neighbour- 

 hood of Aleppo, in Jerusalem ; in Barbarj', on the mountains of Atlas ; on 

 the hills of Provence, and in the neighbourhood of Toulon and Frejus, in 

 France, where it is called the pin blanc ; and throughout great part of Spain. 

 According to Captain Cook, it forms great part of the forests of Upper 

 Catalonia, and in the Aleborca, a district of New Castile, near the Guada- 

 laxara, but not rising so high on the mountains as the P. Pinaster. It is 

 always found in dry, sandy, warm soils, and thrives admirably among rocks, 

 where the roots of few other trees will find subsistence. 



History. The Aleppo pine was first cultivated in England in 1683, by 

 Bishop Compton, under the name of P. hierosolymitana. (^Ray's Letters, 

 p. 171.) In 1732, cones of the tree were sent from Aleppo to Miller, who 

 raised plants from them, most of which, however, were destroyed by the 

 severe winter of 1740. As cones are readily procured from France, the 

 species is not rare in British nurseries; but, though one of the most orna- 

 mental of the genus, it has not been much planted. In Scotland and Ire- 

 land, it is rarely to be met with ; it is not common in the neighbourhood of 

 Paris, being destroyed there by very severe winters, such as that of 1788, 

 which killed all the trees in the vicinity of the French capital; and in Ger- 

 many, and at New York, it is a green-house plant. 



Properties and Uses. The wood is v\'hite, with a fine grain, which becomes 

 dark in old trees. In Provence, it is much used for joinery, and also for 

 making pumps for vessels. According to 'Bo^c {Ann. de F Agr., Feb. 1826, 

 as quoted by Delamarre), the Aleppo pine is very common between Mar- 

 seilles and Antibes, where it rivals in height and thickness the pinaster, and 

 its wood is considered very superior. The chief employment, however, of 

 the tree is for extracting its resinous products, for which it is much preferred 

 to the pinaster. The liquid resin extracted from this tree in Provence, 

 where it is called le pin l)lanc, is often sold for Venice turpentine ; and the 

 tar produced by it in the same country is esteemed greatly superior to 

 that of Bordeaux, which is made from the pinaster. The variety P. h. marf- 

 tima, as we have seen, p. 2232., is used for various purposes in Greece, and, 

 among others, the bark is employed for tanning hides. In Britain, P. hale- 

 pensis can only be considered as ornamental ; and, when planted singly on a 

 lawn, it forms one of the handsomest species of the genus. According to 

 Bosc, it is the most elegant of European pines. 



statistics. In England. At Fulham Palace, 1" years planted, it is 20 ft. high. In Surrey, at 

 Oakham Park, 14 years planted, it is 13 tl. high. In Berkshire, at White Knights, 38 years planted, 

 it is 57 ft. high. In Hertfordshire, at Cheshunt, 10 years planted, it is 16 ft. high. In Staflbrdshirel 

 at Trentham, it is 20 ft. high. In Suffolk, at Anipton Hall, 12 years planted, it is 16 ft. high. In 

 Worcestershire, at Croome, 40 years planted, it is 4<) ft. high — In Ireland. In the Glasnevin Kotanic 

 Garden, ,35 years planted, it is 15 ft. high ; at Terenure, 8 years planted, it is 8 ft. high. In Kilkenny, 

 at Woodstock, it is 20 ft. high. — In France, at Paris, in the jardin des Plantes, 40 years planted, 

 it is 45 It. high, diameter of the trunk 1 f(., and of the head 20 ft. 



Commercial Statistics. Plants, in the London nurseries, are 2s. 6d. each ; 

 at BoUwyller, 1 franc 50 cents ; and at New York, 75 cents. 



115. P. BRU^TiA Ten. The Calabrian Pine. 



Identification. Ten. Fl. Nap. Prod., p. 69. ; Synops., ed. alt., p. 66. ; Syll., p. 477. ; Lamb. Pin., vol. 3. 



t. 82. ; Lawson's Manual, p. 336. ; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. 

 Synonyme. P. conglomerata Grteffr PI. Exsicc.,as quoted by Lambert. 

 Engravings. Lamb. Pin., vol. 3. t. 82. ; and our Jigs. 2115. and 21 16., from Lambert, and from a young 



tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, sent there by Mr. Lambert. 



Spec. Char., ^c. Leaves in pairs, very long, slender, wavy. Cones sessile, 

 crowded, ovate, smooth. Scales truncate at the apex, flattish, umbilicate. 

 (Lamh.) Buds (see^g. 2114.) |in. long, and iin. broad; ovate, pointed, 

 whitish, and wholly without resin ; centre bud surrounded by three smaller 

 buds. Leaves from 3§in. to 4 in. long, on the young plant in the Horti- 

 cultural Society's Garden ; but above 6 in. long in Mr. Lambert's figure. 

 Sheaths, in both, less than ^in. in length. 



