2294) ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART 111 



S2}ec. Char., l^c. Leaves scattered, quadrangular. Cones cylindrical, terminal, 

 pendent ; scales naked, truncate at the summit, flat. Crest of the anthers 

 rounded. (Lois.) Cone from 5 in. to Tin. long, and from l^in. to2m. 

 broad; scale from 1 in. to liin. long, and from iin. to Jin. broad. Seed 

 very small, scarcely iin. long, and -^in. broad ; with the wing, J in. long, 

 and 1 in. broad. Cotyledons 7 to 9. Indigenous to the north of Europe, 

 more particularly to Norway; and in cultivation in Britain since 1548. 



Varieties. 



t A. e. 1 communis. The common Spruce, or Wliite Fir of Norway.— The 

 foliage is shorter, more slender, and lighter-colom-ed, than in the 

 following form; though the difFerence may be in part owing to soil 

 and situation. In Norway, as we are informed by Mr. White, the 

 inhabitants make a distinction between the white and the red spruce: 

 the former grows on light poor soils, and in elevated situations, 

 and has a lighter foliage, and white wood ; the latter grows in 

 more substantial soils, in the valleys, and has a darker stronger 

 foliage, and red wood, which is more resinous, and of much greater 

 strength and durability. 

 i h.e.2 nigra. The ft/ftcX:-leavcd Spruce, or Red Fir of Norway.— There is a 

 tree in Studley Park, known there as tlie black spruce, of which a 

 portrait is given in our last Volume. In the folitige, it answers to 

 the description given of the red fir of Norway ; its leaves being 

 very thick, strong, and dark-coloured ; its bark red ; and its cones 

 longer than those of the common spruce. The leaves, in the speci- 

 men sent to us, are 1^ in. in length ; and the cones 

 from 5i in. to Gin. long, and from l^in. to l\in. 

 broad. "The scales (see ^^. -^S 13.) are much more 

 pointed than those of the common spruce, and longer. 

 The tree at vStudley is 121 ft. high ; and, from its 

 dense mass of dark foliage, it is considered a much 

 finer tree than the common spruce. 

 1 A. e. 3 carpdticn ; A. car[)atica HorL and I^ond 

 Hort. Brit. The Carpathian Spruce. — This variet 

 has vigorous shoots, and foliage as dense and long 

 as that of the preceding, but lighter. There is a tree 

 at Dropmore, which in 1837, after being five or 

 si.K years planted, was nearly G ft. high. 

 1 A. e. -i pcndula; A. comnujnis pendula Booth; Finus ^^bies pendula 

 Lodd. Cat.,ed. 1836. The pcndiihnis, or weeping, branched Norway 

 Spruce. — This is distinguished from the species by the drooping habit 

 of its branches ; and also by the darker glossy green colour, and 

 wreater length, of its leaves. There is a plant in the Hackney ar- 

 boretum 5 ft. high, the shoots of which are somewhat pendulous. 

 1 A. e. 5 folds t'aiicgdtis, P. A. foliis varit-gatis Lodd. Cat., has the leaves 

 blotched with yellow, and forms a more compact dwarf-growing tree 

 than the species. There is a plant in the Horticultural Society's 

 Garden, 8 years planted, which is 7 ft. high. 

 m A..e.Q) Clanbrasil vdna; P. Clanbrassih>w« Lodd. Cat., ed. 1837; is a low, 

 compact, round bush, seldom seen higher than 3 ft. or 4 ft., and never, 

 that we have heard of, producing either male or female blossoms. 

 The annual shoots are from 1 in, to 3 in. or 4 in. in lengtii ; the 

 leaves from i in. to ^ in. long; and their colour is lighter than that 

 of the species. The original plant is said to have been found on the 

 estate of Moira, near Belfast, probably about the end of the last 

 century ; and to have been first introduced into Great Britain by 

 Lord Clanbrasil ; whence the specific name. The largest plant that 

 we know of in the neighbourhood of London is at Cashiobury, near 

 Watford; where, in 1837, it was 3 ft. G in. high, having been 30 years 



