2316 



ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. 



PART III. 



Castle, it is 25 ft. high, with a trunk 9 in. in diameter ; at CuUen House, 80 years old, it is 77 ft. high, 

 the diameter of the trunk S ft. 6 in., and of the head 50 ft. In Clackmannanshire, in the garden of 

 the DoUar Institution, 10 years planted, it is 12 ft. high. In Forfarshire, at Courtachy Castle, 

 14 years planted, it is 19 ft. high. — In Ireland. At Dublin, in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35 

 years planted, it is 35 ft. high. In Fermanagh, at Florence Court, 40 years planted, it is 45 ft. 

 "high ; at Castle Coole, 40 years planted, it is 50 ft. high. In Louth, at Oriel Temple, 56 years planted, 

 it is 56 ft. high. 



Comviercial Statistics. Plants, in the London nurseries, two-years' seed- 

 lings, are 205. per thousand ; transplanted plants, 2 ft. high, 25s. per thousand. 



i 4. A. (n.) ru'bra Poir. The red Spruce Fir, or Newfoundland red Pine. 



Identification. Poir. Diet. Encvc. ; Du Roi Harbk., ed. Pott., 2. p. 182. 



Svnonumes. P. americ^na rQbra IVan^ Betjt., p. 75. ; Pinus rubra Lamb. Pm., 1. t. 38. 



Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1 . t. 38. ; Wang. Beyt., t. 16. f. 54. ; and our fig. 2228. 



Spec. Char., SfC. Leaves solitary, awl-shaped, acuminate. Cones oblong, 

 blunt; scales round, somewhat 2-lobed, entire. (I,a?«6. Pm.) Leaves 

 little more than i in. long; slightly tetragonal. Cones about 1 in. long, 

 and iin. broad; scales notched. Seeds very small. A large tree, cul- 

 tivate'd in England before 1753; flowering in May. 



Variety. A. (h.) r. 2 cceridea, A. cserulea Booth, is a variety or subvariety of 

 which there are young plants in the Flotbeck Nurserie.s, which were received 

 from M. Reichenberg of Leipsic, in 1832. It has glaucous leaves, and 

 appears to us to differ from A. (n.) rubra only in the colour of the cones. 



Descri])lion,Si-c. The 

 red spruce, although 

 it is treated as a spe- 

 cies by Mr. Lambert, 

 and by Pursh, Wan- 

 genheim, and others, 

 is considered by Mi- 

 chaux to be merely a 

 variety of A. nigra. 

 (See p. 2.312.) Ac- 

 cording to Mr. Lam- 

 bert, Wangenheim de- 

 scribes it as a tree 

 not exceeding 30 ft. in 

 height, with short, awl- 

 shaped, acute leaves, and a reddish brown bark. The cones are rather longer 

 and redder than those of A. nigra, and covered with resin. Mr. Lambert 

 states that, on examining two parcels of cones obtained from America, he 

 found those of A. rubra " longer, larger, more obtuse, of a shining reddish 

 brown colour ; the scales semicircular, each divided by a notch in the 

 middle, and with their margins entire." Michaux says that the red spruce is 

 in no way inferior to the black spruce in the quality of its timber, which 

 " unites in the highest degree all the good qualities that characterise the 

 species." He also states that, instead of being a low tree, it is superior in 

 size to the black spruce, as it generally grows in richer soil; and that the 

 wood is reddish, instead of being white. In Lawson's iV/a«?m/, it is stated 

 that A. rubra differs essentially both from A. nigra and A. alba in all its 

 parts; and particularly in its leaves, which are more slender and sharper- 

 pointed than in either of these species. (Man., p. 369.) According to 

 Wano-enheim, it is a native of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and the more 

 northern parts of North America. It was cultivated in England, by Miller, 

 before 1755. The rate of growth is the same as that of A. nigra, from 

 which the trees in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and at Dropmore, 

 seem scarcely to differ, except in the colour of the cones. 



statistics. In England : in Berkshire, at Bearwood, 14 years planted, it is 30 ft. high : in Yorkshire, 

 at Hackress, 40 years planted, it is 60 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 8 in., and of the head 



