2322 ARBORETUM AND FKUTICETIIM. PARI' IM- 



articulated with an elevated tubercle, very short, not more than 2 in. 

 long, riyid, rather sharp-pointed, and very soon falling oft" the dried spe- 

 cimens. Cones pendulous, cylindrical. Sin. long; scales elliptic, obtuse, 

 loose, somewhat wavy, cartilaginous and scarious; bright brown; ragged, 

 when mature, on the npper margin ; persistent after the seeds have 

 dropped. Bracteoles lanceolate, acute, rather rigid, irregularly crenulated 

 on the margin ; half the length of the scales. Seeds small, brown, first 

 conve.x, and then flat ; wing somewhat elliptic, slightly and irregularly 

 crenulated at the apex ; the other margin straight, thick, and revolute. 

 (Lamb., Penn. Cyc, and observations.) Douglas describes the wood of this 

 species as being of excellent quality ; but little is known respecting the habit 

 of the tree. It was found on the north-west coast of America, in North 

 California; and named by its discoverer in honour of our much esteemed 

 friend, Archibald Menzies, Esq.; a botanist who has introduced many valu- 

 able species ; and who, having discovered many others, of which he was 

 unable to procure seeds, nearly 40 years ago, has had the pleasure of seeing 

 thcin at length introduced, and brought into general cultivation. Only a very 

 few plants of A. Menziesii w^ere raised in the Horticultural Society's Garden 

 in the year 1832; so that the species is at present extremely rare in this 

 country ; it is, however, as we are informed by Mr. Lawson and Mr. M'Nab, 

 jun., much more plentiful in Scotland. The plant in the Horticultural 

 Society's Garden is nearly 3 ft. high ; and there are plants about the same 

 height at Highclere and Hendon Rectory. It is readily propagated by cut- 

 tings; and plants may be procured in the nurseries at 3 guineas eacli. 



1 9. A. canade'nsis h. The Canada Pine, or Hemlock Spruce Fir. 



Idcntificntion. Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. p. 185. 



Synonymes. P. canadensis Lin. Sp. PI., Usil. ; P. americ^na Du Rot Harbk., eci. Pott, 2. p. 151., 



Ail. Hort. Kcw., 3. p. 370., Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 45, S7nHh in Ilccs's Cyc, No. 29. ; P. A'hics 



amcric^na Marsh. Arb. Atner., p. 103. ; Perusse, by the French in Canada ; Sapin du Canada, Fr. ; 



Schierlings Fichle, Ger. 

 Engravini;s. Lamb. Pin, ed. 2., 1. t. 45. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., a t. 149. ; N. Du Ham., 5. t. 82. 



f. 1. ; and the plates of this tree in our last Volume. 



Si)ev. Char., ^-c. Leaves solitary, flat, slightly denticulate, obtuse, two-ranked. 

 Cones oval, terminal, pendent, naked, scarcely longer than the leaves. (Lois.) 

 Leaves from |^in. to ^in. long, and yV'"- hroad. Cones from |in. to ^ in. 

 long, and | in. broad ; scales round-oblong, i in. long, and i in. broad. 

 Seed very small, scarcely i in. long; and with the wing, fin. long. Native 

 of North America. Introduced in 1736. 



Description. The hemlock spruce, in Europe, is a most elegant tree, from 

 the symmetrical disposition of its branches, which droop gracefully at their 

 extremities, and its light, and yet tufted, foliage. In America, while the tree 

 is young and under 30 ft. high, it is as beautiful as in England ; but, when it 

 attains its full growth, Michaux informs us, tlie large limbs are iisuallj' broken 

 off" 1 ft. or o ft. from the trunk, and the withered extremities are seen " staring 

 out" through the little twigs which have sprung out around them. " In 

 this mutilated state, by which it is easily recognised, it has a disagreeable 

 aspect, and presents, while in full vigour, an image of decrepitude." This 

 breaking of the limbs is attributed to the snow lodging upon the close, tufted, 

 horizontal branches ; and it never happens to young trees, the wood of which 

 is more elastic. (See p. 2137.) Michaux adds that the woods in the northern 

 states are filled with dead trees of the hemlock spruce; but he is unable to 

 say whether they have been killed by an insect, or by some other cause. The 

 dead moss-grown trees of this species, he adds, " which stand mouldering 

 for 20 or 30 years, deform the forests of this part of the United States ; and 

 give them a gloomy and desolate appearance." This species has the pecu- 

 liarity of sometimes ceasing to grow at the height of 2 ft. or 2 ft. Gin. In this 

 state, says Michaux, it has a pyramidal shape, and its compact tufted branches 

 adhere to the ground. The trunk of the hemlock spruce is straight, and of 

 uniform size for two thirds of its height. The branches are numerous and 



