2396 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



larch for the building of 2 brigs at Perth ; the one, the brig Larch, built by Mr. 

 Brown, of 171 tons register; and another, of 240 tons, built by Mr. Ainslie. 



" Tlie Value of Larch Wood, exclusive of the Value of the Pasture under it, nvdy 

 be estimated in this manner : — Suppose the plantations are thinned out by .30 

 years to what they are to stand for sliip timber, that is, to 400 trees per Scotch 

 acre; suppose, after that period, the whole were cut down at the following 

 respective ages, the value of the whole per acre, at the difierent periods, would 

 be as follows : — 



400 Trees at 30 years old, at 2i cubic feet each tree, = 1000 cubic feet, or 



20 loads, at'U. 6rf. per foot profit, =per acre - - 



400 Trees at 4.;j years old, at 15 cubic feet each tree, = 6000 cubic feet, or 120 



loads, at \s. r>d. per foot profit, = per acre . . - 



400 Trees at 5i,> years old, at 40 cubic feet each tree, = Ifi.OOO cubic feet, or 



320 loads, at 2s. 6d. per foot profit, = per acre . . - 



400 Trees at 72 vears old, at 60 cubic feet each tree, = 24,000 cubic feet, or 



480 loads, at 2s. 6rf. per foot profit, = per acre - - - 



" The average of these prices would be 1381/. 5s. per acre ; so that 1000/. 

 per acre is not too high a calculation of the value of the duke's larch planta- 

 tions. 



" T/ie comparatively superior Value of Larch to Oak per Acre has already been 

 alluded to, when the comparative quantities of timber per acre were made out, 

 by a statement in favour of the larch. In comparison to Scotch pine, as a 

 comparison of one kind of fir with another, the difference is still more striking. 

 Fifty larch and 50 Scotch pine trees were cut out of the same plantation. 

 Tlie" average contents of the fir were 8 cubic feet, at \s. 3d. per foot, or 10*. 

 per tree. The larch averaged 30 cubic feet each, and fetched 2s. 6d. per foot, 

 or 3/. las. i)er tree. So that the larch was superior in contents 3^ times, and 

 in value more than 7 times, to the Scotch pine. 



" The superior Value of the common Larch, ivhen compared u'ith the Russian 

 Larch. The dnke, having' heard of the valuable properties of the Russian larch, 

 with some difficulty procured the seed of it from Archangel, reared the plants, 

 and planted them out, in number about 200. They shot out about 8 days earlier 

 than the common larch, but they did not attain to one third of its size in the 

 same time ; and, both in their appearance as trees, and their value as timber, 

 thev were found much inferior to the common larch. 



"" The Uses to luhich the Larch Tree may be applied are various and 

 important. In one instance, the duke applied larches successfully as nurses 

 to si)rnce firs, which were going back. The requisite shelter recovered the 

 health of these valuable trees. The great thinnings of larch plantations, 

 which take place from 20 to 30 years of their age, sup[)ly useful materials 

 for various purposes. Posts and rails for fencing may be made cither out 

 of the tops or the trunks of young trees. While fir posts and rails last 

 only about 5 years, and are wormeaten after that period, the larch posts 

 stand for 20 years, and never get wormeaten. But the trunks of young 

 trees are preferable for this purpose to the tops, as they have less sap wood. 

 In 1807, the duke fenced a nursery ground with young larch trees cut up the 

 middle, made into a railing 7 ft. high. In 3 years after, the sawn side assumed 

 a leaden-grey colour, and in 1817 the whole railing was quite sound. The 

 railing round the lawn at Dunkeld, made out of the tops of trees, was taken 

 downin 1818, after it had stood for 10 years. Six inches only of the posts 

 were decayed under ground, which being cut off, the rail was nailed up again. 

 A rustic bridge was thrown over a high road and a ravine, as an easy access 

 to the nursery ground, which remained, in 1817, quite sound. 



Tanning. '"' About the year 1800, the tanning properties of larch bark were 

 tried by a tanner at Perth, by the duke's desire. It succeeded tolerably well ; 

 but the tanner complained that the bark had not half the strength of oak bark. 

 The bark of old trees cut at Blair, the duke found quite unsaleable. The 

 duke was not at all sanguine about the bark of the larch afFording a valuable 

 tan ; but, in fact, though more encouraging markets had been found for it, it 

 is questionable whether the loss arising from the deterioration in the quality 



