1358 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART 111. 



clicck given to the transpiration of the leaves, which turn yellow, and fall off, 

 the tree dying in a few ilays. Another is the death of the roots, from the 

 formation on tiiem of a parasitic fnngns. In both cases, nothing is to be 

 done, but to remove the tree, and replant. Tiie leaves are also aj)t to be 

 attacked with honey-dew, mildew, nist, and other diseases, which render them 

 unfit for the food of the silkworm. The leaves covered with honey-dew may 

 be washed, and, when thoroughly dry, given to the insects without injury ; but 

 the other diseased leaves should be thrown away. If leaves covered with 

 honey -dew are given to silkworms without washing, they cause dysentery and 

 deatli. 



Slatistics. The larRCSt v/liite mulberry trees in England are at Syon, where there is one i5 ft. high ; 

 diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 10 in., and of the head 50 ft. ; and which is covered with fruit every year. 

 At Kenwood is one, '38 vears planted, which is :i3 ft. hiyh ; diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 1 in., and of the 

 head 2S ft In Hertfordsliire, at Cheshunt, 7 years planted, it is 10 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 

 2 in and of the head 6 ft. In Oxfordshire, in the Oxford ISotanic Garden, 20 years planted, it is ;'20ft. 

 high jdiameterof the trunk 9 in., and of the head 20 ft In SuHblk, at Ampton Hall, y years planted, it 

 is 9 fl high ; diameter of the trunk 2 in., and of the head .5 ft. In Worcestershire, at Croome,.>5 years 

 planted, it is4<)tt high; diameter of the trunk 12 in., and of the head 40 fl. In Scotland, in Forfar, 

 shire, at .-Virlie Castle, H years planted, it is 8 ft. high ; in Perthshire, at Kinfauns Castle, 8 years 

 planted, it is 5 ft. high ; in Koss-shire, at Krahan Castle, 25 years planted, it is 10 ft. high. In Ireland, 

 at Terenure, near Dublin, 8 years i)lanted, it is 6 ft. high. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, :V) years 

 planted, it is 32 ft high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head .Sfi ft. ; in the Botanic Gar. 

 den, Toulon, 30'years old, it has a trunk 2 ft 7 in. in circumference. In Saxony, at Worlitz, 50 years 

 old, it is +0 ft. high, with a trunk 2| fl. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna, in the University Hotanic 

 Garden, 30 years planted, it is 45 ft high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 24 tt ; in 

 Rosenthal's Nursery, 18 years old, it is 30 ft high, the diameter of the trunk 4 in., and of the head 

 25 fl ; at Hadersdorf, 30" vears old, it is 18ft. high, diameter of the trunk 10 in., and of the head 2 ft. ; 

 at Hr'iickon the Leytha, 27 years planted, it is .30 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 8 in., and of the 

 head 12 ft In Prussia, at Berlin, at Sans Souci, 25 years old, it is 9 ft. high ; the diameter of the 

 trunk 3 in. In Denmark, at Rosenberg, near Copenhagen, 10 years planted, it is 10 ft high. In 

 Sweden, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, it is 18 ft high, with a trunk 5i in. in diameter. In Italy, 

 at Monza, 200 years old, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk is 3 ft, and of the head 50 ft. 



Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, from \s. Gd. 

 to2s. 6(/.each : at BoUwyller, plants three years old, and transplanted, are 10.9. 

 per thousand ; two years old, 5.s-. per thousand : at New York, single plants 

 are 37h cents ; and M. a. nnilticaulis is from 25 to 30 dollars per hundred, 

 according to the size of the plants. 



T/ic best Ji'orks on the culture of the ivhite mulberry and the silkworm are, 

 Dandolo's DcWArte di govcrnare i Baccld da Seta, Milan ; Castelet's Traitc 

 sur le Mftrier blanc, Paris : Grognier's Kecherches Histuriques et Slatisques 

 sitr Ic Murier, le Ver a Soie, et la Fabrication de la Soieric, &c., Lyons ; 

 Bonafous's Memoirc sur une Education de Vers a Soie, &c., Paris ; Kenrick's 

 American Silk-G rower's Guide, Boston; Cobb's Mammal of the Mulherri/ Tree, 

 &c., Massachusetts ; Dr. Pascalis's Treatise on the Mulberry, &.C., New York ; 

 and Murray's Observations on the Silkwonn, London. 



S 3. iV/.(A.)coNSTANTixopoLiTA^NA Poir. The Constantinople Mulberry Trec, 



Identification. Poir. Encyc, 4. p. 381. ; Sprang. Syst Vcg., 1. p. 492. 



Si/nonifnic. M. byzantlna Sicb. 



Engravin;;. N. Du Ham., 4. t 24. 



Spec. Chnr.y SfC. Leaves broadly ovate, heart-shaped at the base, undivided, serrate, .S-norved ; 

 glabrous on both surfaces, except at the axils of the veins on the under one, where they are 

 villous. Male flowers in fascicles. (Sprcng. Si/st. I'i<p., i. p. 492.1 This is a low branching tree, 

 seldom exceeding the height of 10 ft. or 1.) ft. ; a native of Turkey, Greece, and Crete ; which has 

 been long cultivated in the .lardin des Plantes, but which was not introduced into England till 

 1818. The fruit is short, thick, and, according to Du Hamel, of a deep red, and insipid taste. The 

 leaves are very good for silkworms. This alleged stwcies is considered as only a variety of M. ftlba 

 by Bosc {Nduv. Cours <l'/lgric., ix.) ; who says that it is easily recognised by its rough, furrowed, 

 stunted trunk ; its thick and short branches ; its leaves, which are always entire; and its solitary 

 very white fruit It is, he adds, a real monster (un v<!ritable monstre, mais qui se propagetoujours 

 le mfme). We have little doubt of its being only a variety of ,V. alba. Du Hamcl's description and 

 that of Bosc agree in every particular, except the colour of the fruit. According to IM. Madiot, in 

 the Juurnnl de la Societr d' AgriciiUnre Pratique, M. a. piimila (p. 13iJ0.i was obtained from seeds of 

 M. (a.) constantinoimlitana. Plants of M. constantinoi)olitana, in the BoUwyller Nursery, are 3 

 francs each ; at New York, .50 cents. 



? 4. M. (a.) tata'rica Pal. The Tartarian Mulberry Tree. 



Jdentification. Pall. Fl. Ross , 2. p. 9. t 52.; Lin. Sp. PI., 1399 ; Mill. Diet., No. 7. ; Willd. Sp. PL, 



4. p. .3<")'t. 

 Engraving!:. Pall. Fl. Ross., 2. t. 52. ; and out fig. 122.5. ; both sprigs taken from one tree. 



S})ec. Char., iVc. Leaves with a shallow scallop at the base, and either 

 heart-shaped, ovate, or lobed ; serrated with equal teeth, smooth ; the pro- 



