1362 AUBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



Ill order to iiuike \rd\wr, it is soaked for three or four hours in water; after which 

 tlic ('xtcrnal skin, aiul the <irecn internal coat, arc scraped off, and the strong- 

 est and firmest [)ieces are selected ; the proiluce of the younger siioots being 

 of an inferior qiiality. If any very old portions present themselves, they are, 

 on the otiier hand, rejected as too coarse. All knotty parts, and every thing 

 vvhicli might inipair the beauty of the pai)er, are also removed. The chosen 

 bark is boiled in a lixiviiun till its downy fil)res can be separated by a touch of 

 tiie finger. The pulp so produced is tlien agitated in water till it resembles 

 tufts of tow. If not sufficiently boiled, the paper will l)e coarse, though strong ; 

 if too nuich, it will be white, indeed, but deficient in strength and solidity. 

 Upon the various degrees and modes of washing the pulp, nuich also depends 

 as to the (jiiality and beauty oftiie paper. Mucilage obtained from boiling 

 rice, or from a root called oreni {K(ciuj)f.,-^1\.), one of the mallow tribe, is 

 afterwards added to the i)ulp. The paper is finished much after the European 

 mode, except that stalks of rushes are used instead of brass wires." {Feu. Cyc, 

 art. Broussonet/rt) The India or Chinese paper used for taking proofs of en- 

 gravings is thus made. In Otalieite, the bark of this tree is maile into dresses. 

 Plants are reatlily projjagatetl by layers, suckers, or cuttings of the root. 



Statistics. In the environs of London, the largest plant we know of is in the Botanic (ianlen at 

 Kew, where it is 20 ft. high. In 15erkshire, at White Knights, 25 years planted, it is ij ft. high ; the 

 diameter of the trunk yi in., and of the head 20 ft. by 13 ft. In Cheshire, at Eaton Hall, 10 years 

 planted, it is 8 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk .'5 in., and of the head 7 ft. In Oxfordshire, m the 

 Oxford Botanic Garden, 1+ years ]>lanted, it is 25 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 4 in., and of the 

 head 15 ft. In Worcestershire, at Croomc, 40 years old, it is 20 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 12 in. 

 In Scotland, in I'erth.shirc, at Kinfauns Castle, 8 years i)lanted, it is 5 ft. high. In France, at 

 Villers le Bade, lU years planted, it is 25 ft. high. In' the Botanic Garden, Toulon, 20 years planted, 

 it is 2.5 ft. high; and the diameter of the trunk is 1ft. 2 in. ; at Nantes, in the nursery of M. De 

 Nerrirrcs, .So years planted, it is 25ft. high : in the Botanic Garden at Avranches, 40 years planted, 

 it is 40 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 7J in., and of the head 30 ft. In Austria, at Vienna, 

 in the University Botanic Garden, 20 years planted, it is 22 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk !) in., 

 and of the head 10 ft. : at Laxcnburg, 20 years planted, it is 14 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 

 4 in., and of the head ti ft. : at Hadersdorf, 6 years planted, it is 14 ft. high. In Italy, at Monza, 24 

 years planted, it is 40 ft. higli ; the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 20 ft. 



Commercial Slatislics. Plants, in the London nurseries, are from \s Gel. to 

 25, 6(1. each ; at Bollwyller, J franc each ; and at New York, the male plant 

 .W cents each, and the female plant 75 cents. 



Genus III. 



MACLU'R.'l Nutt. Thf, Maclvra. Lin. Si/st. Dioe'cia Tetrandria. 



Iilcniijication. Nutt. Gen. N. Amcr. Plants, 2. p. 2.>3. ; Limll. Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 178. 

 Si/iiotii/Dif. Toxylon Hdfinesque in 1SI7, (lard. Mag., vol. viii. \>. 247. 



Ocrivatiiin. Named, by Nuttall, in honour of U'iiluim Maclurc, Esq., of the United States ; an emi- 

 nent natural philosopher. 



f 1. M. AURANTi\\CA Xiilt. Tiic orange-like'/rz///«/ Madura, or Osage 



Orange. 



flfiitification. Nutt. Gen. N. Amer. PI., 2. p. 2,J4. 



Si/noni/mcs. How-wood, Vellow WootI, N. Adici: 



The Sexes. Both male and female plants arc in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the 



Hackney arboretum. 

 Eiij-ravings. Appendix to Lambert's Monog. on the Genus Pinus, 2. p. 32. ; and oi\r Jig. 1226., in 



which a is the female flower, and b the male. 



Dcscrijition, ^-c. The maclura is a deciduous widely spreading tree, with 

 spiny branches, growing to the height of about .30 ft., on tiie banks of the 

 lied River; or, according to Nuttall, of GO ft., in the Arkansas. The leaves are 

 ovate acuminate, of a bright shining green, broad, with a cuspidate point, 

 '6 in. or .3}, in. long, and about 2 in. liroad. The petiole is often 1 in. long. The 

 spines are simple, rather strong, about 1 in. in length, and produced in the 

 axils of the haves. The Howers are inconspicuous, and nearly green, with a 

 Kh'.iht tinge of yellow. The fruit, whicii in size and general ap|)earancc, at a 

 distance, rcsemiiles a large ^>eville orange, consists of railiating, somewhat 



