CIIAI'. C. f/RTICA'cE^T-. FI'CUS. lSb5 



leaves of the mulberry. In the course of feeding, 15 silkworms wandered 

 away or dieil ; and, during the time of spinning, 20 more died, tlie latter be- 

 coming black, rotten, and reduced to a liquid. The cocoons were not ready 

 till some days after those of the worms fed on mulberry leaves : only 3 of 

 them were quite perfect, but several others were tolerably so ; and from all 

 these the silk was reeled easily, and was of excellent quality. Other experi- 

 ments have been tried in Italy, but with still less favourable results. (Otto's 

 Garten Zeitung, vol. iii. p. 292.) The tree is perfectly hardy about Philadel- 

 phia, and also in the climate of London ; where, when cut down after having 

 been two or three years established, it throws up shoots 6 ft. or 8 ft. in 

 length, and nearly a in. in diameter, with fine, broad, shining, succulent leaves. 

 Hitherto it has had no proper trial as a standard in England, having been 

 originally considered tender, and plantetl against a wall ; but we have no doubt 

 it will, in time, become a valuable timber tree of the second rank. It is 

 propagated with the greatest ease by cuttings of the roots, or by layers ; and 

 it will grow in any common soil. 



statistics. In the environs of London, the largest plant, as a standard, is a female tree in the Ham- 

 mersmith Nursery, which is nearly 16 ft. hiqh. In our garden at Bayswater, a female plant, against a 

 vv-all, is about the same height. At Kew', one against a wall is 12 ft. hiijh. In Staffordshire, at 

 Blithefield, in I8.;i, it was 6 ft. high again.st a wall. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes, 10 years 

 planted, it is 18 ft. high ; in the nursery of M. Sidy, at Lyons, where it has fruited, it is 25ft high ; 

 at Villers la Bade, 8 years planted, it is 15 ft. high ; in the Botanic Garden at Toulon, 5 years planted. 

 it is 12 ft. high. In Austria, at Briick on the Levtha, 10 years planted, it is 6 ft, high. In Italy, at 

 Monza, the temale tree, 6 years planted, was, in 1835, 16 ft. high, and fruited for the first time In 

 North America, at Philadelphia, the four'largest trees are those mentioned as in Mrs. M Mahnn's 

 Nursery ; and there are also large trees in Landrefh's Nursery, which, in 1831, " were full ot fruit.'' 

 In Virginia, at Beaverdam, a female tree, with a globular head, yielded, in 1S3j, I.jO fruit, many of 

 which weighed 18 oz. or 19oz. each. [Amer. Gard. Mag., 2. p. 9.) 



Commercial Statistics. Plants, in the London nurseries, are 2s. each ; at New 

 York, female plants are 1 dollar, and male plants 2 dollars, each. 



Genus IV. 



FrCUS Tonrn. The Fig Tree. Lin. Si/st. Polygamia DiceVia. 



Idntlification. Tourn. ; T. Nees ab Esenbock Gen. PI. Fl. Germ., fasc. 3. No. 6. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. 



p. 1131. ; Liiidl. Nat. Syst. of Bot.,p. 178. 

 Synonymes. Figuier, i<>. ; Feigenbaum, Gen 

 Derimtion Some derive Ficus from fcecundtts, on account of its abundant bearing ; and others from 



siikos (Greek), or fag (Hebrew), the names for the fig tree in those languages. The fig tree has 



nearly the sarne liame in all the European languages. 



DescriptioUy Sj-c. The species are all trees, natives of warm climates, and 

 remarkable, in a popular point of view, for having their flowers concealed by 

 the fleshy receptacle known as the fruit. The sycamore of Scripture (Ficus 

 ^ycomorus L.) is a species of fig, a native of Egypt, where it is a timber tree 

 exceeding the middle size, and bearing edible fruit. A large tree of this 

 species is figured in the Picture Bible, vol. ii. p. 181. The only species which 

 will endure" the open air in Britain is the F. Carica, or common garden fig. 

 These two species are the only ones which produce eatable fruit. It is men- 

 tioned in the Nouveau Dit i/«)«(?/, that the receptacle which forms t!ie fruit of 

 the fi"- is not always entire ami connivent ; but that there are some few sorts 

 in which the fruit constantly opens when it approaches maturity ; dividing 

 ordinarily into four parts, which expand like the petals of a flower, to such 

 an extent, that each division becomes perpendicular to the pedimclc. The 

 varieties which exhibit this singularity are called the Barnissotes and the 

 Verdales. {N. Du Ham., torn. iv. p. 198,, note.) 



i 1. F. Ca'rica L. The common Fig Tree. 



Identification. Lin. Sp., 1513. ; Willd. Sp., 4. p. 1131. ; Lam. Diet., 2. ; Mill. Ic, t. 73. p. 489. ; N. D 



Syno™pnes'^' F. 'commhmi Bauh. Pm.,i51.; F. hiimilis and F. sylv^stris r^ian. //(x/., 6&^. ; Figuler 

 conimun, Fr. ; Geineine Feigenbaum, Off. 



4 u 4- 



