1370 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



immediately covered with sap, which thickens, and forins a mass that excludes 

 the iiir from the interior of the fruit; and the conseijuence is, tiuit it ripens, 

 or heconies ready to (h-op off, in half the time usiiall} taken by nature, without 

 losiuii any of its size or of its flavour. This process, Bosc observes, deserves 

 a trial in France. 



Tilt' Process of Cnprifiratinn is described by Tournefort ; and his description 

 differs very little from that given by IMiiiy. It consists in inducinjr a certain 

 species of insect of the gnat kind, which abounds on the wild fig, to enter 

 the fruit of tlie cultivated fig, for the purpose of fccuuiiating the fertile flowers 

 in the interior of the Iruit by the farina of the barren ones near its orifice. The 

 details will be found given at length in llees's C//r/(Y;<xY/w ; under the word 

 Caprification in iMartyn's Miller; and in the Emyvlopicd'ia of (kography. 



Propas^dlion and Culture. The fig is easil\ propagated by cuttings of the 

 shoots or roots, not one of which will fiiil ; and also by suckers, layers, and 

 seeds. In British nurseries, it is generally propagated by layers ; though 

 these do not ripen their wood, the first season, so well as cuttings. When the 

 fig is to be planted as a standard tree, constant attention must be paid to 

 remove all suckers from its collar, and all side shoots from its stem. Wiien 

 trained against a wall in a cold climate, the branches should proceed from a 

 single stem, and not fi'om the collar, as is generally the case ; because the 

 plant, when so treated, produces shoots w hich are less vigorous, and, con- 

 se(|uently, more likely to ripen their wood. 



Insects, Accidents, and Diseases. The fig, in hot countries, and in dry seasons, 

 especially when at a distance from the sea, is apt to have its leaves "and fruit 

 scorched and shriveled up l)y the sun. it is scarcely subject to any diseases ; 

 but it is liable to the attacks of the cochineal, the kermes, and psylla. In 

 British gardens, it is very seldom injured by insects in the open air; but it is 

 very liable to the attacks of the red spider, the coccus, and the honey-dew, 

 under glass. Abundance of water, and a moist atmos|)here, like that'of its 

 indigenous habitat, the sea shore, are perhaps the best preventives. 



Slali.s/irs. Tlic larpcst standard fig trees that we know of in the neighbourhood of London are at 

 Syon, C hiswiek, and in the Mile End Nursery, where they are about 1.5 ft. high. In .Sussex, at 

 Arundel Castle, there are several standard trees in the" old garden, l.'.'ijft. high ; at Tariing, near 

 Worthing, in the largest fig garden, there are 70 standard trees, from I'J rt. to 15 ft. high. At Black- 

 down House, near Haslemerc, there arc some fine old standard fig trees, which ripen fruit every year 

 In France, in the neighbourhood of Nantes, the tree, as a standard, sel<lom exceeds IK ft. in height : at 

 Avignon it attains the height of i.'i) ft. or '25 ft. ; and, in 18l!t, we observed some very fine specimens in 

 the garden of the Military Hospital there. In Italy, at Monza, a tree, («) years old, is 30 II. high ; the 

 diameter of the trunk li It., and of the head 60 ft. Plants, in the London nurseries, are from Is. dil. 

 to 5s. each, according to the variety ; at Bollwyller, 2 francs each ; and at New York, from 50 cents to 

 1 dollar. > 



Genus V. 



BO'RY/i W. The Borva. Lin. Si/st. Dioe'cia Di-Triandria. 



Iilentijication. Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort Kew., cd. 2., vol. 5. ; Lindl. Nat. Svst. of Bot . 

 p. 178. 



Si/nonymcs. AdMia Michi. I'l. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 223. ; Bigelilv/Vi .Smith in Rees's Cyclop., Addenda. 



Derivation. Named in honour of Bory de St. I'inccnt who visited the Mauritius and the Isle of 

 Bourbon, to examine their Ixjtany. .Smith, in Rees's Ci/r/o/hci/in, objects to the name of B6rya 

 being applied to this genus, because La Billardiire had jireviously given the same name to another 

 genus ; and he suggests the substitution of the name of Bigel6v;V/, in commemoration of Dr. Bigelow 

 of Boston, author of the Flurula liostimicnsh, and of the Atiiiiiraii Medical Botany. The genus 

 B6ryn Lab., and the genus Borya Willd., are both cited in Lindl. Natural System of Botany, and it 

 is most probable that another name will be instituted for one of them. 



Description, Sfc. Deciduous shrubs, growing to the height of from Oft. to 

 12 ft. in connnon garden soil, with a dark brown or purple bark, and .small, 

 deep green, opposite leaves. Propiigated by cuttings, and quite harily. 



* 1. B. z/Gu'sTRiNA Willd. The Privet-like Borya. 



Identification. Willd. Sp. I'l., 4. p. 711. ; Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2., vol. 5. 



Synonyines. Adfelia /igustrina Miclix. Ft. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 224. ; Bigelbv/a /igustrina Smith in 



llees's Cychn. Addemla, l.orid. Cat., cd. 1836. 

 The Sexes. The plants bearing this name in Loddigcs'.'! arboretum have not yet flowered. 



