]378 ARBOUETl'M AND 11! L TICF.TIM. PART 111. 



it will make shoots 5 ft. or 6 ft. lonp:, as may be seen in the garden of 

 the London Horticultural Society. The manner in which the Chinese 

 procure these miniature trees is, by ringing the extremities of the 

 brandies of old trees, and then applying a ball of loam, kept moist 

 by water and moss, till roots are thrown out from the callosity 

 formed at the ring ; when the small branch is cut off, and planted 

 in a porcelain pot,eithcr, says Mr. Main, "round, or, most commonly, 

 an elomrated square, 1-2 in. or 14 in. long. Sin. wide, and alwut 5 in. 

 in depth. Along with the tree they place pieces of stone, to re- 

 present rocks, among which moss and lichens are introduced. The 

 tree, thus planted, fs not allowed to rise higher than about 1 ft. or 

 1 j in.; no greater supply of water is given than is just sufficient to 

 keep it alive ; and, as the pot soon acts as a prison, its growth is 

 necessarilv impeded : at the same time, every means are used to check 

 its enlarsement. The points of the shoots, and the half of every 

 new leaC are constantly and carefully cut oft'; the stem antl branches, 

 which are allowed to extend only a certain length, are bound and 

 fantastically distorted, by means of wire; the bark is lacerated to 

 produce protuberances, asperities, and cracks ; one branch is partly 

 broken through, and allowed to hang down, as if by accident ; another 

 is mutilated to represent a dead stump : in short, every exertion of 

 the plant is checked by some studied violence or other. This treat- 

 ment produces, in course of time, a perfect forest tree in miniature. 

 Stunted and deformed by the above means, it certainly becomes a 

 curious object, bearing all the marks of extreme old age. Its 

 v\ rithed and knotty stem, weather-stained and scabrous bark ; its 

 distorted and partly dead branches : its diminutive shoots and 

 leaves; all give it the aspect of antiquity. Various kinds of trees 

 are chosen for this purpose; but the two most commonly met with 

 aretheflmus (cam[)estris)parvifolia sinensis, and a species of Ficus, 

 very much like 7^. indica." {Gard. Mag., \o\.'u. p. 139.) Grafted 

 standard high on the common English elm, the Chinese elm would 

 form a very handsome small tree. The French name. The dc r Abbe 

 Galloh, arises from that gentleman, in the reign of Louis XV., having 

 imported this plant fronT China, supposing it to be the real tea tree. 

 For a very full account of the Chinese mode of dwarfing trees, 

 see Hort Trans., iv. p. 231. 

 t V. c. 16 cucitlldta Hort. has the leaves curiously curved, something like 



a hood. There is a tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. 

 i U. c. 17 concav<efvIia Hort. resembles the preceding kind. There is a 



tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden. 

 5 V. c. ISfifiis aureis Hort. has the leaves variegated with yellow. 

 Other Varieties. In Messrs. Loddiges's Catalogue, ed. 18.36, U. e. mhia, 

 U. e.fo/ii.^ })iaeu/dtis,\J. dubia,\I. viscosa, and some others, which are indicated 

 as belonging to this species, are mentioned ; but, with the exception of U. 

 viscosa, of which there is a tree in the Horticultural Society's Garden, 

 which, in 1^3+, after being 10 years planted, was 20 ft. high, we can say very 

 little of them, on account of the small size of the plants. 



French Varielics. TTie following sort* arc enumerated in the yoinvau Cours <r Agriculture, and 

 in the Dicttonnaire Hc$ Faux et Forils ; and. though wc have not been able to iilcntity all of them 

 with the English kinds, and think it vcrv prolxiblc that .«ome of them do not Ix-long to I . cam. 

 pestris, vet we have thought it right to place the names liefore our readers ; in order that collectors 

 of these' interesting trees may endeavour to procure them, with a view to adding to Uie varieties 

 n>vw in cultivation. 



I.'Orme a FeuiUfs largrs et nules. the rough broad-leaved Elm. 



I.'Orwe Tel/,rOrmeTillevl, rOrme de HoUamie ; the British, or Lime Tree, Elm— The 

 leaves are not so rough as those of some of the other varieties. 



I.'Ormille, rOrmc nam. the dwarf Elm, with small, narrow, rough leaves. 



I/Orme a Fenilles liss,s et gttihres, the shining smooth-leaved Elm, has the leaves of a 

 blackish peen, leathery-, and unofiually divided by the midrib. 



/.<• petit Omie a Fcuilles panarhres de ttlanc. 



I.'ftrme n Femlles li's>-f ;»ii«iJrA<-c> tie 6/imr, the shining silvery. leavcti Elm. 



l.e p,tU Oime a Fcuilles paHacAees dejitum: the dwarf goldeu.leavcd Elm 



