CHAP. CI. C-1,MA^CE«. fj'LMUS. 1399 



This is a beautiful highly characteristic tree, generally growing to 

 one side, spreading its branches in a fan-like manner, and stretching 

 them out sometimes horizontally, and at other times almost per- 

 pendicularly downwards, so that the head of the tree exhibits great 

 variety of shape. By some, this variety is considered to belong to 

 an American species of elm ; but from its large rough leaves, its 

 vigorous young wood and large buds, and, above all, from its flower- 

 ing at the same time as U. niontaua, and, like it, ripening abundance 

 of seeds, which no American elm whatever does in Europe, we have 

 not a doubt that it is a variety of U. montana. For particular 

 situations in artificial scenery it is admirably adapted : for example, 

 for attracting the eye, and fixing it, in order to draw it away from 

 some object which cannot be concealed, but which it is not de- 

 siral)le should attract notice. There is a handsome tree of this 

 variety in the Hammersmith Nursery, where, after being 12 years 

 planted, it is 30 ft. high. One in the Horticultural Society's Garden 

 was, in 1 834, after being 10 years planted, 26 ft. high. 

 t U. m. 9 fasfigidtallort., f/. glabra replicata Hcrt.Dw,, U. Fordii Hort., 

 U. exoniensis Hort., and the plate in our last Volume. The Exeter 

 Elm, Ford's Elm. — A very remarkable variety ,with peculiarly twisted 

 leaves, and a very fastigiate habit of growth. The leaves, which are 

 very harsh, feather-nerved, and retain their deep green till they fall 

 off, enfold one side of the shoots. The whole habit of growth of 

 of U. m. fastigiata is remarkable ; and it forms a singular cup- 

 shaped tree, that cannot be mistaken for any other. Its foliage is 

 darker than that of any other elm, save that of U. c. virens. (See 

 p. 1376.) This variety was raised at Exeter, by Mr. Ford, nur- 

 seryman there, about 1826. It is of less vigorous growth than 

 the preceding varieties ; but, being of a very marked character, it 

 well deserves a place in collections. There is a handsome tree of 

 this variety, 16 ft. high, in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and 

 plants in most English nurseries, 

 i U. m. 10 crispa, ? U. crispa Willd. The curled-lesLved Elm. — The tree 

 of this variety in the Horticultural Society's Garden is 8 ft. or 10 ft. 

 high, and rather of a slender and stunted habit of growth. 

 Other Varkiies. Several might be taken from catalogues, both timbtr 

 trees and curious plants ; but the former, such as U. montana vegeta Lindl., 

 we think may be best classed under U. m. glabra, and the latter are of so 

 little merit, that we hardly think them worth recording in this work. (See 

 Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.) 



Description, Sfc. The Scotch elm has not so upright a trunk as the English 

 elm ; and it soon divides into long, widely spreading, somewhat drooping 

 branches, forming a large spreading tree. It is " of quicker growth than U. 

 campestris ; and the wood is, consequently, far inferior in hardness and 

 compactness, and more liable to split. The branches are, in some individuals, 

 quite pendulous, like the weeping willow. Their bark is even ; downy in a 

 young state. Leaves larger than any of the foregoing ; broadly elliptical, 

 with a longer copiously serrated point ; rough on the upper surface, with 

 minute, callous, bristly tubercles, but less harsh than most of the preceding; 

 the under surface downy and paler, with straight, parallel, transverse ribs, 

 copiously hairy at their origins and subdivisions. Flowers rather larger and 

 paler, in looser tufts than most of the species ; each in 5, 6, or 7 oblong-acute 

 segments, and as many broad, rather heart-shaped, dark purple anthers. Cap- 

 sule broadly obovate or elliptical, and almost orbicular, with a shallow notch 

 at the end, not extending halfway to the seed." A native of the northern 

 and temperate parts of Europe. ( Watson.^ It is found in numerous places in 

 Britain; and is the most common elm in Scotland and Ireland. From the leaves 

 somewhat resembling those of the hazel, Gerard tells us that, in Hampshire, "it 

 is commonly called the witch hasell. Old men affirm," he adds, " that, when 



