1402 AUBORLIU-M AND ITlL'TrcKlUM. rAIt'/lll. 



of June. They ought to be gatliered with the hand before they drop, as from 

 their liglitness and winged appendages, they are very apt to be blown away by 

 the wind. The seeds may either be sown as soon as gathered, in which case, 

 many |)hints will come up tlic same season ; or they may be thinly spread out 

 to dry in the shade, and atUrwanls put u|) into l)ags or boxes, and kept in a 

 dry place till the following March or April. Sang directs the seeds to be 

 chosen from the tallest and most erect and healthy trees; on the sound 

 principle, that plants, like animals, convey to their progeny their appearance 

 and habits, whether good or bad. Trees, therefore, though having abundance 

 of seeils, if they be either visil)ly iliseased, or ill formed, should be passed over 

 by the collector. Elm seeds should be gathereil the moment tiiey are ripe, which 

 is readily known by their beginning to fall. If the gathering is delayed for a 

 single day, the seed is liable to be blown oti', and scattered by the slightest gale. 

 (I'/nitl. Cal., p. 4-12.) The seeds, svhether sown iimnediately when gathered, 

 or in the following spring, ought to be deposited in light or friable rich soil, and 

 very thinly, in order that the plants that rise from them may be strong and vigo- 

 rous. If they rise too thickly the first year, they are for several years after sensi- 

 bly affected, contnuiing weak, although carefully thinned out. The best form in 

 which the seed can be deposited is in beds ; and the covering of soil should 

 iiot be more than > in. thick. (/</., p. 283.) The plants may be transplanted 

 into nursery lines, either at the age of one or two years ; and they may be 

 grafted the following spring. If not intended to be grafted, they may go 

 through a regular course of nursery culture, till they have attained the desired 

 height ; and they will transplant readily at 20 ft. or 25 ft., though not nearly 

 so well at that size as the U. campestris. Few plants succeed more readily 

 by grafting than the elm ; so much so, that when the graft is made close to 

 the surface of the soil, and the scion tied on with matting, the mere earthing 

 u() of the jilants from the soil in the intervals between the row s will serve as 

 a substitute for claying. The graft, in our opinion, shoulil alw ays be made 6 in, 

 or 8 in. above the collar, in order to lessen the risk of the scion, when it 

 becomes a tree, throwing out roots; which, in the case of all the varieties of 

 U. campestris, would become troublesome by their suckers. 



Stntist'irs. lu'cordi'il Trees. Cook [Forest Trees, picf. p. xiv.) mentions a wych elm, which wa* 

 fcllcilin Sir Walter Hagot's Park, in StaH'ordshire, which was 120 ft. high, with'a trunk 17 ft. in di- 

 ameter at the surface of the ground. Itrequired two men five days to fell it ; after which it lay 40 yards 

 in length, and was at the stool 17 ft. in diameter. It broke, in thefall, 14 loads of wood ; and had 4i) loads 

 in the head. It yielded 8 pairs of naves ; SiitiO ft. of boards 

 and planks ; and the whole was esteemed to wcit;h !'7 tons. 

 The Tutbury wych elm is mentioned, in Shaw's Stnffiird- 

 shire, as forming a magnificent feature, both in the near 

 and distant pros|H.'Ct. Strutt, who has given an engraving 

 of this tree, of which fig. I'JW. is a reduced copy, to the 

 scale of 1 in. to 50 ft. describes it as having a trunk li.' ft. ,^.^5 

 long, and Ifift. yin. in circumference at the height of o ft. 

 from the ground. The trunk divides, at the height of I'J ft., 

 into 8 noble branches, which arc nearly ;)(i ft high, and 

 extend between jO ft. and 60 ft. from the centre of the tree, 

 which contained (BS) cubic feet of timber. This tree exists 

 btill, and the dimensions and contents given by Strutt 

 iiavebeen confirmed tons by Thomas Turner, hj>q., Sud. 

 bury. The wych elm at Bagot's Mill is also figured by 

 .Strtitt (p. tW.), who says that it is a tree more remark- 

 able for its beauty than its size. The largest elms which arc known certainly to belong to the 

 species V. montana are supposed to be in Scotland. The following dimensions are taken from 

 Sang'n Planter'^ CiUenilnr ; and the reader may rely on their being of trees of the true T. montana. On 

 the estate of ("astle Himtly, there are several fine Scotch elms, which gilt, at .'5 ft. from the ground, 

 about 11 ft. At Lord Morton's, Abcrdour, Fife, there is a Scotch elm, which measured, March 10. 

 181'.', 40 ft. len'.;tliof bole, and in girt.llft. Gin. Two elms, at Vair, in Selkirkshire, girt each, at the 

 surface of the ground, lift. An elm tree, in the parish of Koxburgh, in Teviotdalc, called tlie 

 Tr> sting Tree, was measured in 179»i ; and its girt, at 4 ft. from the surface of the ground, was 30 ft. 

 An elm, on the lawn at I'aymoulh Castle, girted, in September, 1814, 1,0 ft. !l in. (Snng's Xicol's 

 I'liint. Cal., p, 549.) In Ireland, the wych, or native Irish elm, a|>pears to grow with great vigour. 

 Hayes mentions six trees, produced from layers from the stole of a treefelletl for that puri>ose, which 

 in 'it> years girted from 3 It. II in. to 4 ft. !i in. at 5 ft. from the ground. Three out of these six 

 trees would thus, at 'jr> years' growth, cut into li.' in. planks. [Praet. Ilinlson Plant , p. lii'-'.} A Scotch 

 elm, remarkable for its fant.istic boughs, is figured in Monteith's Faresler's Guide, \i\. 12., and said 

 to stand on the estate of Touch, Stirlingshire. "My reason for giving a figure of this tree," says 

 Moiileith, " is, that it proves to demonstration the diU'erent crooks and shapes that, by a timely 

 attention to the growth of trecs.'.they could be brought to grow to. The crookinl branch of thi.s tree 

 h.id evidently once been the main stem ; but was kept down, I am told, by children swinging upon 

 it when young. Hence it has, as will be seen by looking at the dimensions, been brought to I'urm 



