CHAP. CI. ULMA^EM. CE'LTIS. 1417 



other name to C. sinensis Willd. Sclniltes has given it that of Will(lctior;V(«(r. There being no 

 plant bearing the name of C. WilliienovWnn in the London gardens, we can say nothing about it. 



^ 6. C. occidentaYis L. The western Celtis, or North American Kettle Tree. 



Idenlification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1478. ; Mill. Diet., No. 2., and Ic., t. 8«. ; Michx. Arb., 3. p. 22a t. 8., 

 North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 45. t. 114.; Du Roi Harbk., 1. p. 141. ; Willd. Arb., 57., Willd. Sp. PI., 

 4. p. 994. ; Lam. Encycl., 4. p. I'i". ; Du Ham. Arb., eJ. 1., t. 53. ; N. Du Ham., 2. p. 36 t. 9 ; Pursh 

 Fl. Amer. Sept., 1. p. 200., Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg., 6. p. 306. ; Wats. Dendr. Brit, t. 147. ; 

 Lodd. Cat, ed. 1836. 



Synonymes. C. fructu obscuro purpurascente Toiirn. Insf.,6]2.; C. obliqua Mcc7ic/i; Nettle Tree, 

 " Sugar Berry, //»?cr. ; Bois inconnu, 7//irao/.<; Micocoulier de Virginie, Fr. 



Engravings. Mill. Ic, t 88. ; Du Ham. Arb., ed. 1., 1. 1. 53., ed. nov.,2. t 9. ; Michx. North Amer. 

 Sylva, 3. t 114.; Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 147. ; T. Nees ab Esenbeck Gen. PI. Fl. Germ., fasc. 3. 

 t. 4. ; and the plates of this species in our last Volume. 



Sj)ec. Char., ^c. Leaves ovate-acuminate, unequal at the base, serrate, 

 rough on the upper surface, hairy on the under one. Fruit dull red. 

 {Michx. N. A. S.) Fruit dark purple. (Purah Fl. A. S.) Similar in foliage 

 and general appearance to C. australis. Flowers solitary. {Michaux.) 

 Leaves serrate, with equal teeth. Flowers, in the lower part of the branch, 

 3 in an axil; in the upper part, 1 only in an axil. Fruit obscurely purplish. 

 (Ea'in. et Schidt. Syst. Veg.) Very closely akin to C. australis. Leaves, 

 when young, ovate-lanceolate, a little downy ; when adult, broad-ovate, 

 acuminate; in the acuminate part, and at the base, entire ; in the interval on 

 each side, serrate, glabrous, veined with conspicuous veins ; the hinder portion 

 of the base as narrow again as the other one. {Linn., quoted in Uceni. 

 et Schiilt. S. V.) C. occidentalis differs from C. australis, in having its 

 leaves much broader in proportion to their length, and of an oval-acu- 

 minate form. {Lam. Encycl., iv. p. 137.) Disk of leaf 3 — 4 in. long. {Rcem. 

 et Schult. S. V.) Indigenous, in woods and near rivers, from Canada to 

 Carolina, where it flowers in May. {Piirsh.) Introduced in 1656. 



f^arieties. 



i C. 0. 2 corddta Willd. Wild. Baumz., p. 82. — Leaves subcordate at 

 the base, very acuminate; above, less rough; beneath, more veiny, 

 disk .3 — 4 in. long. {Willd. W. Bnumz., Q.ni\ Rcem. et Schult. Syst. 

 Veg.) 

 ^ C. o. 3 scabrimcula Willd. Sp. PI., iv. p. 995., Lam. Encycl., iii, 

 p. 137. ; C. australis Willd. Arb., 56. ; C. ? o. (3 tenuifolia Pers.'^Syn., 1. 

 p. 292. ; C. aspera Lodd. Cat., ed. 1 836 ; C. orientalis Hart. — Leaves 

 shorter, more slender, less acuminate ; roughish above, in some 

 instances glabrous ; but it can scarcely be a distinct species. {JVilld, 

 Sp. PI.) Disk of leaf li— 2 in. long. {Rcem. et Schult. S. V.) It 

 is a native of Louisiana, and was cultivated in the Royal Garden at 

 Paris ; but, as it was killed down to the root every winter by the 

 frost, Lamarck never saw its flowers or fruit, and, therefore, could not 

 determine whether it was merely a variety or a distinct species. 

 {Smith in Rees's Cyclo.) 



Description, ^c. This species, Michaux observes, " is similar in its fo- 

 liage and general appearance to the European nettle tree, the branches of 

 both are numerous and slender; and the limbs originate at a small distance 

 from the ground, and take a horizontal or inclined direction." (iV. Amer. SyL, 

 iii. p. 45.) The leaves are alternate, oval, oblique at the base, very much 

 acuminated, and somewhat rough. The flowers open early in spring, and are 

 small, white, single, and axillary ; the fruit also is small, single, of a round 

 form, and a dull red colour. When ripe, it becomes shriveled, and of a reddish 

 brown or black, like a very small wild cherry. It is rather fleshy, and very 

 sweet. Michaux says that he has never seen the wood employed in any part 

 of the United States ; but, from the analogy between this species and the 

 European one, he has no doubt but that the wood might be applied to the 

 same purposes. The tree, in Britain, is very hardy and ornamental; and it 

 possesses the property of keeping on all its leaves very late, and then, like 

 the other species, dropping them all at once, so that they may be swept away 

 at one time for litter. C. occidentalis is readily known from C. australis 



