1 tJ'2 AllBORETUM AND FKUTICETUM. I'Alt'i III. 



but they may be also carried into effect in summer, at 

 the ordinary season. In Dauphine, young plants in the ' 



nurseries are budded chiefly by the above modes, which 

 succeed best the closer the operation is performed to the >-, , ' 



collar of the plant. It has also becon)e customary, ui' J jj 



late, in that part of France, to cover the branches of old j i 

 trees with buds. For this purpose, the branches are 

 shortened in the month of October, or in May, to within 

 8 ft. or 10 ft. of where they proceed from the trunk, in ^. 

 order that they may throw out a number of young siioots. 

 The spring afterwards, when the sap is in motion, from 

 50 to 100 of these shoots are made choice of, and 

 budded either in the conmion manner, or in the flute or 

 ring method. The two latter modes are preferred, as 

 being more certain of success, and less likely to have the young shoots blown 

 off' by the wind. When the conunon method is practised, the young shoots 

 are pinched in once or twice in the course of the season, to prevent them 

 from elongating to such an extent as to endanger their being blown off". 

 In England, the walnut is very seldom either budded or grafted; and, 

 though Bontcher recouunends inarching, we believe it has been practised 

 only on a very limited scale. In Jersey, we are informed by Mr. Saunders, 

 nurseryman there, the walnut and the sweet chestnut are sometimes, but 

 very rarely, grafted ; and that, to insure success, the operation must be per- 

 formed while the stock is young, and the scion must be about the same size as 

 the stock. The graft should be made close to tlve ground, and not till late in the 

 spring, when the sap is in full motion. Mr. Knight succeeded in budding the 

 walnut by making use of those minute buds which are found at the base of the 

 annual shoots of the walnut and other trees, "which are almost concealed in 

 the bark, and which rarely, if ever, vegetate, but in the event of the destruction 

 of the large prominent buds which occupy the middle and opposite ends of 

 the annual wood." Mr. Knight inserted in the stock these minute buds, in 

 the usual manner, in several instances, and found them invariably succeed ; 

 but it is necessary to state that the operation was performed on yearling 

 stocks, which grew in pots that had been placed, during the spring and early 

 part of the summer, in a shady situation under a north wall, in order to retard 

 them ; and which were removed, late in July, to a forcing-house, and instantly 

 budded with buds, w hich, as before observed, had been taken from the base of the 

 current year's shoots, M. Bosc, noticing this mode of Mr. Knight's, says that 

 he has long remarked that buds placed immediately on the collars of the roots 

 always succeed; which he attributes to the shade and the humidity which that 

 situation aflTords. It appears to us that Bosc's mode, provided flute or ring 

 budding were substituted for the common method, and each graft were co- 

 vered with a hand-glass, is the one most likely to be successfully practised in 

 the climate oi' Britain. Layering or inarching might, doubtless, be adopted 

 with success in the case of the conunon walnut, as they are found to succeed 

 with Pterocarya caucasica Kiuith (./uglans /raxinifolia Lam.) and the cut- 

 leaved walnut. Indeed, whip grafting is successfully practised with the cut- 

 leaved variety, in Sedy's Nursery, at Lyons, and in other gardens in the south 

 of France. 



Grnfthig the Wubiid. This operation has been successfully performed by 

 T. A. Knight, Esq. " Young, or last year's, wood is employed both as the 

 scion and iis the stock; and both scion and stock are allowed to unfold their 

 buds, and grow for a week or ten days, before the operation of grafting is 

 performed. Previously to doing this, the young shoots and foliage are 

 rubbed off". Out of 28 instances, 22 grew well, many producing shoots of 

 nearly a yartl long, and of very great strength. ' The scions were attached to 

 the young (annual) wood of stocks, which were between 6 ft. and 8 ft. high, 

 and in all cases they were placed to stand astride the stocks, one division of 

 the scion being in some instances introduced between the bark and the wood ; 



