I I4() AUnoRKTU.M AND !• aUTICETl'M. J'AIIT III. 



tliciii in a iliiv. It urows witli ci|ual rapidity, when \oung, iu* the ./. nigra; 

 but the trunk ramifies at a less height; and, the branches cxtendini.' more hori- 

 zontally tlian those of" most other trees, and spreadint; widely, a large and flat 

 tufted head is formed, which gives the tree, in America, more especially in 

 exposed situations, a most remarkable ap[)earance. In I'ritain, v.e have 

 scarcely seen any old trees ; and, never having observed any fruit on the 

 few of middle si/e which we have seen bearing this name, we have always 

 been in doubt as to the specific ditterence between them and J. nigra. 



Gcogmphii. ./uglans cinerea is fuinul in Upper and Lower Canada, and in 

 the temperate regions of the United States; but not in the lower parts of the 

 Carolinas, of Georgia, and of East Florida. It grows vigorously in Vermont, 

 where the winter is so rigorous, that sledges are used during tour months of 

 the year. Michaux. has seen no trees of it so large as some in New Jersey, 

 on the steep and elevated banks of the Hudson, nearly opposite to the city of 

 New York. There the woods are thin, the soil cold, un{)roductive, and in- 

 terspersed with large rocks. In the interstices of the latter, the butter-nut 

 may be found 50 ft. high, with trunks measuring 10 ft. or 12 ft. in circum- 

 ference at 5ft. from the ground; the roots extending horizontally, close 

 under the surface, and with little variation in point of thickness, to the dis- 

 tance of 40 ft. from the tree. 



History. J. cinerea appears to have been first sent to Europe in 1699, at 

 which period it was cultivated by the Duchess of Beaufort; but whether in 

 her garden at Chelsea, or in that at liaihiiinton, we are not aware. It is 

 said to have been grown by Miller; but, from his description of it, as having 

 only two pairs of leaHets, we think it more likely that the plant he describes 

 has been some other sjjecies under this name. At present, J. cinerea is not 

 unfrequent in British and French nurseries; and nuts are annually imported 

 by the seedsmen ; but we know of very few large trees. 



Propcrlk's mid Uses. The wood of Juglans cinerea is light, of a reddisli 

 colour, and of little strength ; but it possesses, in common with the wood of 

 all the species of the genera of this order, the great advantage of lasting long, 

 and of being secure from the annoyance of worms. In America, it is never 

 used in towns for the construction of houses ; but in the country, in some 

 districts, it is used for sleepers and sills in the framework of barns and 

 other farm buildings. As it long resists the effects of heat and moisture, it is 

 valued for posts and rails, and for watering and feeding-troughs for the use of 

 cattle. Being lighter, and less liable to s[)iit, than the wood of the retl majjle, 

 it is preferred to it for corn shovels and wooden dishes. Canoes and small 

 skiffs are also made of it, and at Windsor, in Veimont, coach panels. The 

 medicinal properties of tlie bark have been proved by several eminent Ame- 

 rican physicians. An extract, or a decoction, sweetened w ith honey, is a sure 

 and safe purgative, unattended, even in the most delicate constitutions, with 

 pain or irritation. The bark is also applieil to cure the toothach, and to 

 dye wool of a dark brown colour; tiiough, for this last purpose, it is inferior 

 to tiie bark of./, nigra. If an incision is made in the trunk of the tree, in the 

 month which precedes the unfolding of the leaves, a co|)ious di.-charge of 

 slightly sugary sap takes (jlace, from which, by evaporation, an inferior sugar 

 is obtained. On tlie whole, notwithstanding the various properties of this 

 tree in the Uniteil States, Michaux does not think it sufficiently valuable, 

 either in the arts or for fuel, to recommend its introiluction into the forests 

 of Europe. It shoukl, he says, find a place only in our pleasure-grounds. 



statistics. In the environs of Lonilon are some frees bearing this narao, in the Cholsea Botanic 

 'iarden, and at Syon and Purser's (.'loss, which are from .it) It. to 40 ft high ; and in the Horticul- 

 tural Society's (Jardcn there i> one which, in 1Sj4, after being 10 years planted, was from i.'(J ft to 

 2.>ft high. In LoiUliges's arboretum, one is IS ft high. In France, at Toulon, in the Kntanic 

 Uardcn, 4<) ye.ir'! planteil, it istK)l1. high; diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 6 in., and of the head '25 (t In 

 Saxony, at Wotlitz, y(( years old, it is 40 ft. high; the diameter of the trunk 'J ft. In Austria, at 

 Vienna, in the park of Laxenburg, I(> years pl.mtcd, it is 14 ft. high. At Briick on the I^vlha, 45 

 year» planted, it is 54 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 1 ft. !>in., and of the he.id 2<S ft. In Prussia, 

 at Berlin, in the Botanic (iardcn, 4<J years planted, it is 16 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 

 H in. and ol the headofl. 



