CHAP. cm. 5ALlCA^CEiE. ^A'LIX. 1583 



at HI. S. Crowea^na Smith. Crowe's Willow. 



Identification. Smith Eng. Bot., 1. 1146. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 675. ; Smith in Rees's Cycle, No. 51. ; 



Eng. Fl., 4. p. 192. ; Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. 52. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 3. 

 Synoni/mes. S. arbiiscula Wahlenb., var. Koch Co7>tm., p. 45. ; S. hOmilis Schl. is cited in Sal. Wob. 



as the female of .S. Crowedna Smith ; ? .S. hcterophylla Host. 

 The Sexes. Both sexes are described in Eng. Bot., and figured in Sal. Wob. Mr. Borrer deems the 



case of the combination of the filaments to be one monstrous in the species, rather than innate and 



Engravings. Eng. Bot., 1. 1146. ; Sal. Wob., No. '52. ; and our Jig. 52. in p. 1615. 



Spec. Char., ^c. Filaments combined below. Leaves elliptical, slightly ser- 

 rated, quite glabrous, glaucous beneath. (Smith Eng. Fl.) Mr. Borrer 

 regards (Eug. Bot. Siq>pl., t. 2660. ; and Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2.) the combi- 

 nation of the filaments as not a constitutional character of this species, but 

 as only such of the individual, from which all the individuals that are in this 

 case, that he has examined, have been propagated ; and he regards the state 

 as one founded in monstrosity. He has added, in argument : " Indeed," the 

 stamens " are-represented in the Salictum Woburncnsc as changing into"ovaries, 

 " as those of 5. blcolor Ehrhart, and some of the common sallows, have been 

 observed to do." See notices of instances below, and in p. 1454. ; and Mr. 

 Borrer has since found this ciiange taking place in S. Crowewwa, in his own 

 garden. He views S. nitens Anderson and S. Crowmna Smith as very closely 

 akin ; and, in the following notice of some differences between them which 

 he has made {Eng. Bot. Siqrpl., t. 2660.), it may be inferred that what he 

 deems characteristic features are noticed : — " The leaves of -S. Crowea?/a are 

 less pointed, almo«tobovate; in every stage without pubescence, even in the 

 petiole; their edges rarely waved, and more obscurely crenatej and the 

 scales of the catkins, that is, the bracteas of the individual flower, shorter 

 and rounder." According to Hooker's British Flora, ed. 2., Mr. Borrer finds 

 the ovary, not downy, as Smith has described it to be, " but nearly glabrous, 

 as figured in the Salictum Woburnense." A native of England (Smith), in 

 swampy meadows and thickets, flowering in April and May. " S. Crowe- 

 dna, with submission, is not a Norfolk plant, but from the river Ettrick, near 

 Selkirk, whence Mr. Dickson sent it to Mr. Crowe; and he gave me fresh 

 cuttings from the same place three years ago, which turn out exactly the 

 same individual as Crowe's from Dr. Smith." {Mr. Anderson, in a letter to 

 Mr. Borrer, 1815.) The following traits are drawn from Smith's detailed 

 description in his English Flora : — "A bushy shrub, usually 4 ft. or 5 ft. high, 

 wi'di many stout, irregularly spreading, glabrous, leafy, brittle, brownish 

 yellow branches. Leaves alternate, perfectly glabrous, on broadish glabrous 

 footstalks, uniformly elliptical, very rarely inclining to obovate, 1^ in. long, 

 more or less, acute, and often recurved at the extremity, contracted gra- 

 dually at the base ; the margin copiously, though not conspicuously, serrated, 

 or rather crenate; the upper side of a deep shining green, under glaucous, 

 veiny. The catkins appear before the leaves, and are about 1 in. long ; those 

 of the male of a bright yellow. This .S'alix, when covered with male blossoms, 

 is amongst the most handsome ; nor are the leaves destitute of beauty." -S". 

 Crowewnfl has grown 10 ft. high with Mr. Borrer. Mr. Forbes has figured 

 a curious monstrosity in the plant of this species which is in the Woburn 

 salictum, of the catkins of the male changing into ovaries, with the style and 

 stigmas perfect, as in the fertile flower. Mr. Forbes observed the progres- 

 sive change of the stamens into ovaries. At first, lie says, the filaments began 

 to thicken a little in the middle when they were united, and they gradually 

 grew into their subsequent shape, the filaments becoming pistils, and the 

 anthers sti'nuas. Sir W. J. Hooker states that a similar alteration has 

 been remarked by Mr. Borrer in S. oleifolia, and Mr. R. Gee in S. cinerea. 

 There are plants at Woburn, Henfiekl, and Flitwick. 



St. 142. S. Bi'coLOR Ehrh. The two-coloured Willow. 



Identification. Ehrh. Arb., 118. ; Hook. Br. Fl., ed. 2., p. 427. ; ? Hayne Abbild., p. 238. 



Synoiajnu's. S. tcnuifblia Smith Eng. Bot., t. 2186., as to the figure; .S. tlonbuiida Forbes in Sal. 

 Wob., No. 54. Koch, in his Cutmn., has identified S. bicolor Ehrh. with S. livida WulUcnb. ; and 

 noted that wJiat is frequently cultivated in German gardens as 5. blcolor Ehrh. is of another spe- 



5 L 



