1G56 ARBOUETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART HI. 



Iiigh rockj' places between Canada and Virginia, and 

 about tlie western lakes ; where it forms a tree from 

 70 ft. to HO ft. high. (Piin/i.) When introduced is 

 uncertain ; tlie P. laevigata of Aiton, wliich is often 

 confounded with this phuit, and of which there are 

 plants in the Horticultural Society's (Jarden and in 

 Loddiges's arboretum, being a variety of P. tremula. 

 It dowers in March and April. According to Michaux, 

 the trunk of the Canadian poplar is furrowed, even 

 in its old age, as well as on its young branches. It is 

 remarkably hardy, growing in the Atlantic states, on 

 the river Missouri, 1500 miles from its confluence 

 with the Mississippi ; while the Carolina poplar (/-'. 

 angulata), which is often confounded with it, is not 

 found above 100 miles from the confluence of the two rivers; and its 

 annual shoots are frozen, both there and in Europe, by a degree of cold 

 that does not appear to have the least effect on those of P. canadensis. 

 In Britain, the Canadian poplar used to be very commonly propagated in 

 nurseries, and extensively introduced into plantations ; but, within the last 

 30 years, the black Italian poplar (/■'. monilifera) has been substituted for it. 

 Bosc says that the Canadian po[)!ar approaches nearer to P. nigra than 

 any other species, and that it is the best of all poplars for planting, where 

 the production of timber, with a view to profit, is the object. This cor- 

 responds perfectly with the character of P. monilifera in this country, 

 which we suj^pose to be an improved variety of P. canadensis. The 

 natural uses of the tree are the same as those of P. nigra ; the young shoots 

 being given to horses, as their food, on the banks of the Missouri ; and the 

 branches being eaten by beavers. The Canadian poplar is propagated by 

 cuttings of the young wood, about 18 in. long, j)ut in during autumn. " It is 

 remarkable," Bosc observes, " that the first shoots produced from these 

 cuttings are always curved at the lower extremity ; though in a few years 

 this curvature entirely disappears. The same thing," he says, " takes place 

 with the cuttings of P. monilifera." The fine poplar avenues in the lower 

 parts of the gardens of Versailles are formed of this species. 



Slatis/ics. In England, in the environs of London, at IMount Grove, Hampstead, 14 years planted, 

 it is 30 ft. high ; in Surrey, at Walton ui>on Thames, 4'2 years planted, it is 110 ft. high, the diameter 

 of the trunk 3 ft. H in , and of the head 00 ft. ; in Worce.stcrshire, at Hadzor House, i.".' years planted, 

 it is 55 ft. high. In Scotland, near Kdinliurgh, at Gogar House, it is lOO ft. high, the diameter of 

 the trunk 2 tt. 5 in., and of the head .X) ft. In Ireland, near Dublin, in the Cullcnswood Nursery, 

 lU years planted, it is 50 ft high ; in Fermanagh, at Tlorence Court, 30 years planted, it is 70 ft. 

 high. In Belgium, at Ghent, in the Hotanic Garden, it is 100 ft. Iiigh. In Saxony, at Wiirlitz, 

 (io years old, it is 60 ft. high, with a trunk IJft. in diameter In Bavaria, in the Botanic Garden, 

 Munich, 81 year.s old, it is fio ft. high, with a trunk IS in. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna, 

 in the University Botanic fjarden, (iO years old, it is +S ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 

 17 in., and of the head '■H ft. ; in Knsentlial's Nursery, W years planted, it is 55 ft. high, the diameter 

 of the trunk 1} ft., and of the head 'JL' ft. ; at Briick on the Leytha, 40 years old, it is 70ft.high, the 

 diameter of the trunk 3 ft., and of the head 3() ft. 



Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 5^. per 

 hundred; or single plants, of some height, 1,5. each; at Bollwyller, 1^ franc 

 each ; at New York, 25 cents. 



1 9. P. (n.) 7?etulifo^lia Pursh. The Birch-leaved Poplar. 



Identification. Pursh F\. Amer. Sept., 2. p. filR ; Spreng. Syst. Veg., 2. p. 244. 



Syrwni/mes. P. nigra Michx. VI. Amcr. Ilor., 2. p. 244. ; I', hudsonica Michx. Arb., .3. p. 2P.3. t 10. 



f. \., North Amcr. Si/l., 2. p. 2.30. ; /'. hudsonifina Jiusc, and I.odd. Cat., ed. 183(); American black 



Poplar, Amcr. ; Peuplier de la Baie d' Hudson, /■>. 

 The Sexes. It is uncertain whether it is the male or female plant that is in European collections. 

 JCnuraviugs. Michx. Arb., 3. t. 10. f. 1. ; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 2. t. !>«). (. 1. ; and ouTjis;. 1516. 



Sj)cc. Cliar.,^c. Young branches yellow. Branchlets hairy when young. Pe- 

 tioles yellow, and also hairy when young. Disk of leaf rhomboid, but much 

 acuminated ; toothed in every [)art of the edge ; hairy on the luider sur- 

 face when young, but afterwards glabrous. {Pursh.) The catkins are 

 4 in. to .5 in. long, and destitute of the hairs which surround those of several 

 other species. \Michx. jun.) A tree, growing to the height of 30ft. or 



