CHAP. CV. COKYLA'cEiE. QUE'RCUS. 1849 



acute, entire. Stipules shorter than the footstalks. Calyx of tlic 

 fruit hemispherical, bristly. (Smith.) Sir J. E. Smith observes that 

 this tree is " generally mistaken for Q. Cerris, from which nothing can 

 be more certainly distinct;" we admit their distinctness, but no one 

 who has seen the two trees together in the Horticultural Society's 

 Garden can, we think, doubt their being only different forms of the 

 same species. This variety is n native of Austria, Hungary, Carniola, 

 Italy, and other parts of the south of Europe, in stony mountainous 

 places. It forms the common oak of tiie indigenous woods in 

 the neighbourhood of Vienna, where it is considered by M. Ro- 

 senthal, an excellent practical botanist, as nothing more than a 

 variety of Q. Cerris. The tree from which our portrait is taken 

 is in the arboretum of the London Horticultural Society. In the 

 University Botanic Garden at Vienna there is a tree, GO years planted, 

 which is 40 ft. high. 

 i Q. C. 5 cdna viajor ; Q. canu major gj) '^>'~> ^'^'^^ 



Lo(/c/.6'fl^,ed. 1836(7%.l609.);the "^'^^^^ ^""■' ^^ 

 hoary-leaved bitter, or Turkey, Oak; v<'^ " 

 resembles Q. austriaca in the form 

 of its leaves; but they are much 

 more downy beneath. There is a 

 vigorous-growing liandsome tree of 

 this variety in the arboretum of 

 Messrs. Loddiges, which, in 183G, 

 was 35 ft. high. The name cana 

 (hoary) was originally given to this 

 variety in the Hammersmith Nur- 4S^ 

 sery, but whence the tree was ob- 

 tained is uncertain. 

 =¥ Q. C. 6 cdna minor, Q. cana minor Lodd. Cat., ad. 1836, resembles the 

 preceding kind, but has narrower leaves. There is a tree at Messrs. 

 Loddiges's, 25 ft. high. 

 ¥ Q. C. 7 Rdgnal; Q. Regnal Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. The Ragnal Oak. 

 — This variety has rather narrower and more deeply cut leaves 

 than Q. C. cana major ; but, in other respects, scarcely differs from 

 that variety. It is a tree of remarkably vigorous growth ; but we 

 have only seen one plant, which is in the arboretum of Messrs. 

 Loddiges. Miller mentions a large tree of this variety growing at 

 Ragnal, near Tuxford, in Nottinghamshire, " which makes a most 

 elegant appearance ; the leaves being shaped hke those of the common 

 oak, but ash-coloured underneath, which renders it very beautiful. 

 It produces acorns, some years, in great plenty; but, unless the 

 autumns prove favourable, they do not ripen so as to grow." {Mill. 

 Diet., ed. 3., App., No. 12.) We have written to a number of per- 

 sons in Nottinghamshire respecting the Ragnal Oak ; and we find 

 that the tree was cut down upwards of 50 years ago, but what be- 

 came of the timber is unknown. There are trees bearing the name 

 of the Ragnal oak in the plantations at Welbeck Abbey, of which 

 His Grace the Duke of Portland has kindly sent us specimens ; 

 but, as the plants have probably been seedlings, they are very dif- 

 ferent in foliage from the tree bearing the same name at Messrs. 

 Loddiges's. There was a tree of the Ragnal oak for many years in 

 the Fulham Nursery ; but the late Mr. Whitley, a very short time 

 before his death in 1835, told Mr. Osborne, jun., that it had died a 

 few years before. Judging from the trees at Messrs. Loddiges's, we 

 have no hesitation in saying that Q.. C. cana miijor and minor, and 

 Q. C. Ragnal, are merely slight variations of the same form. They 

 all differ, however, from the Fulham oak, and from what is called 

 the old Lucombe oak, in not being in the slightest degree sub- 



