CHAP. CV. 



C'ORYLA ClwE. CO UYLUS. 



2017 



fl£ I.e. z/vella\na L. The common Hazel Nut. 



Identification. Hort. Cliflf:, 448. ; FI. Suec, 787. 873. ; Mat. Med., 204. ; Hort. Ups., 286. ; Roy 



Lugdb., 81. ; Dalib. Paris., 294. ; Grael. Sib., 1. p. 150. ; Mill. Diet., No. 1. ; Scop. Cam., No. 1192. ; 



Du Roy Harhk., 1. p. 173. ; Gmel. lb., 1. No. 66. ; Pollich Pall., No. 912. ; Blackw., t. 293. ; Kniph. 



Cent., 1. No. 19. ; Hoftm. Germ., 339. ; Roth Germ., 1. p. 



409., 2. p. 49Q.; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 470. ; Eng. Flor., 4. 



p. 157. ; Eng. Bot, t. 723, ; Brit. FI., 1. p. 410. ; Hook. Br. 



Fl., p. 405. J Mackay FI. Hibern., p. 256. ; Lindl. Synop., 



p. 240. ; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 19. : Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836. 

 Engravings. Blackw., t. 293. ; Eng. Bot, t. 723. ; N. Du 



Ham., 4. t. 5. ; and our fig. 1941., in which n is a s^jrig in 



blossom ; b, one in fruit ; c, the nut without its calyx ; and 



d, the kernel 

 Synonymes. Coudrier Noisetier, Fr. ; Haselstrauch, Nuss- 



baum, Ger. ; Avellano, Nocciolo, Ital. ; Avellano, Span. 

 Derivation, .^vellina is derived from AvelUno, see p. 2020. , 



Hazel is from the Anglo-Saxon word hmsil, which signifie.s I 



a head-dress. Noisette signifies a small nut; and Nuss- 



baum, a nut tree. 



S2)ec.Char.,Sfc. Stipules oblong-obtuse. Leaves 



roundish, cordate, pointed. Involucre of 



the fruit campanulate, rather spreading, torn 



at the margin. {Willd.) A shrub or low 



tree; a native of Europe and the east and 



west of Asia; growing to the height of 20 ft. 



and upwards ; but commonly found in the 



character of a bush, as undergrowth in 



woods, especially of the oak. 

 Varieties. These are numerous ; and they may be divided into two classes ; 



viz., botanical or ornamental varieties, and those cultivated for their fruit. 



A. Botanical Varieties. 

 afc C. A. 1 sylvestris Ait. Hort. Kew., v. p. 303. ; C. .^vellana Svensk 



Bot., t. 139., Eng. Bot., t. 723.; C. sylvestris Bank. Pin., 418., Bat/, 



439., Willd. Abbild., t. 151., and our /g. 1941. The common Hazel 



Nut, in a wild state. 

 a C. A. 2 ;jii»n7?«; C. pumilus Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; is rather dwarfer 



than the species. 

 itt C. A. ?> heterophylla ; C. heterophylla Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; C. laci- 



niata Hort. ; C. j^rticifolia Hort. ; the various, or nettle, leaved. Hazel ; 



has the leaves variously cut, and thickly covered with hairs. 

 Sfc C. A. 4 purpurea; C. purpurea Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; C. atro-pur- 



piirea Hort. ; has the leaves of a dark red or purple, and is a very 



striking variety. If grafted standard high on C. Colurna, this would 



make a most singular and beautiful small tree. 



B. Varieties cultivated for their Fruit. 



The cultivated hazels are of two kinds ; viz., nuts and filberts. The 

 former are distinguished by the shortness of their calyxes, or husks, and 

 the latter by their length ; but, in consequence of the numerous crosses 

 between these two classes of varieties, the distinction can scarcely now 

 be kept up. The term filbert, is supposed, according to some, to be a 

 corruption of full beard, alluding to the husk ; but the old English poet 

 Gower assigns the name a different and more poetical origin; which is 

 rendered plausible by the fact of the old English name being philberd. 



" Phillis 



Was shape into a nutte tree. 



That all men it might see ; 



And after Phillis, Philberd 



This tree was cleped." Confessio Amantis. 



In the Horticultural Society's Catalogue of Fruits, 31 sorts are enume- 

 rated ; but the kinds best deserving of culture for their fruit, and also as 

 ornamental shrubs or low trees, arc considered by Mr. Thomson to be 

 only 5, which we have distinguished among those hereafter enumerated 

 by a star. 



6 V 2 



