518 



ARBORETUM AND IliUTICETUM. 



PART III. 



Spec. Char.^ Sfc. Leaves linear-lanceolate, sawed 

 at the tip, rather revoluta in the margin ; the 

 midrib, petiole, and branchlets glabrous. Flowers 

 in stalked lateral cymes. {Dec. Proi., ii. p. 14.) 

 An evergreen shrub, from 6 ft. to 10 ft. high, 

 found in deep swamps from Virginia to Georgia, 

 and introduced in 1806. The flowers are white, 

 and appear in June ; the berries are globular and 

 red, A very handsome species, but not very 

 common. There are plants of it at Messrs. Lod- 

 diges, and in the London Horticultural Society's 

 Garden, under the name of /. ?»yrtif6!ia. 



J'aricty. 



* I. (I. 2 Mgustrifblia Ph., with oblong, ovate, entire leaves, is 

 given by Pursh, who doubts whether it may not be a 

 distinct species. 



t 7. /. vomito'ria Ait. The emetic Holly, or South Sea Tea. 



Identification. Ait. Hort. Kew., 1. p. 278. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 14. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 17. 



Synonymes. I. Cass'ine vfera h'alt. Carol., 2+!.; /. /igi'istrina Jacg. Coll., 4. p. 105, Icon. Hnr., 



t 310., IVendl. Hort., t. 31. ; Cassitw Peragua Mill. Icon., t. 83. f. 2. ;7. Casshia Michx. Fl., 1. p. 229. ; 



/. religiosa /frtr/. F/. J'irg., 69.; /. flondana Lam. 111., No. 1731.; Houx apalachine Fr.; true 



Casscne, Cassfena, Floridan; the Yapon, I'irginian ; the evergreen Cass^na, or Cassioberry Bush, 



Eng. 

 Engravings. Jacq. Icon. Rar., t 310. ; Wendl. Hort., t 31. ; Mill. Fig., t. 83. f. 2. ; and our/tg. 186. 



Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves oblong or elliptic, ob- 

 tuse at both ends, crenately sawed, and, with 

 the branchlets, glabrous. Flowers in subses- 

 sile lateral umbels. {liec. Prod., ii. p. 14.) 

 An elegant evergreen tree, a native of Florida, 

 Carolina, and Virginia, in moist shady places, 

 growing to the height of 1 2 ft. or 1 5 ft., and 

 introduced in 1700. The flowers, which are 

 whitish, are produced in June; and the ber- 

 ries, which resemble in colour those of the 

 conmion holly, remain on the tree all the 

 winter. It was cultivated by jNIiller, and in 

 several other gardens in the neighbourhood of 

 London, till the severe winter of 1789, when 

 most of the plants of it were destroyed. Other plants were afterwards 

 raised from seed, and they have ever since resisted the cold of ordinary 

 winters without covering. In the first edition of Du Ilamel, it is stated, 

 that this species had been a long time cultivated by the Chevalier Jansen, 

 in his garden at the Barriere Chaillot, at Paris. Rafinesque states that the 

 true cassena is reckoned a holy plant by many of the southern tribes of 

 American Indians, being used, during their religious rites and solemn 

 councils, to clear the stomach and the head. Women are forbidden 

 to use it. For these purposes the leaves and young shoots are collected 

 with care, and, when dried, form an article of trade among the tribes. They 

 often parch or scorch slightly the leaves before using them. They are 

 inodorous, the taste is sub-aromatic and fervid, and they are useful in 

 stomach fevers, diabetes, small-pox, &c., as a mild emetic ; but the Indians' 

 black drink is a strong decoction of them, and a violent, though harmless, 

 vomitive. In North Carolina, the inhabitants of the sea-side swamps, 

 having no good water to drink, purify it, by boiling it with a little cassena 

 (perhaps riburnum cassimiides), and use it constantly warm, as the 

 Chinese do their daily tea. /. Dahoon and /. Cassine are used as substitutes 

 for the cassena ; and many other shrubs appear to be used indiscriminately 

 for making the black drink : for example, the Cassine ramulosa of the Flora 

 of Loimiana. {Raf. Med. Flor., i. p. 9.) The use made of the leaves in 

 Carolina and Florida, by the native Indians, has given rise to the opinion 

 that this species was the Paraguay tea mentioned in Martyn'.^ Miller, on 



