CHAP. XXXV. ^HAMNA^CEiE. PALIU^RUS. 527 



and Z.dlbens Roxb.are also natives of the East Indies. Z. agr^stis Schult. and Z. sopoHferus Schult, 

 are natives of the north of China ; and Z. capetisis is a native of the Cape of Good Hope. All these 

 species being deciduous, we have no doubt that, if once introduced, and tried in very dry soil, against 

 a conservative wall, they would be found half-hardy. 



Z. Jiijuba Lam. Diet., iii. p. 318., iJhamnus J.'jiifta Lin. Spec, 282., the wild jujube, a tree growing to 

 the height of 16 It. in India, and cultivated in China and Cochin-China, was introduced into England in 

 1759, but, as far as we know, is now lost. It is figured and described by Rumphius {Amb., ii. t. 36.), and by 

 Rheede {Mai., iv. t. 41.) ; and the following notice respecting it is in Don's Miller : — Leaves obliquely 

 ovate, serrated, downy below, as well as the young branches, hoary. Prickles twin, the one recurved, 

 the other straight. Corymbs axillary, almost sessile. Flowers greenish yellow. Drupe globular, size of 

 a large cherry, smooth and yellow when ripe, containing a 2-celled, 1-seeded nut. There is a variety 

 of this, or a new species, in the East Indies, which produces excellent fruit, of a long form, about 

 the size of a hen's egg, known by the natae of mnrikellckool in Bengal. The fruit of both varieties 

 is eaten by all classes of persons : it is sweet and mealy. The bark of the tree is said to be used in 

 the Moluccas in diarrhoea, and to fortify the stomach ; which seems to confirm the general opinion 

 entertained of the astringent properties of the bark of most of the species of this order. (Don's 

 Mill., ii. p. 26.) This species, though marked as a green-house plant, will doubtless thrive in the open 

 air, in the warmest parts of the south of England ; but we have introduced it here, because we think 

 it and Zizyphus Z,utus likely to be desirable fruit-shrubs for Australia, the Cape, and the Himalayas. 

 Highly improved varieties of both species, producing fruit as different from that which they now 

 bear, as the Lancashire gooseberry is from the gooseberry cf the woods of Switzerland or California, 

 might probably be obtained by selection and cultivation. 



Various species of Zizyphus are found in the Himalayas ; some of which, growing on the higher 

 parts of the mountains, may probably be found hardy. (See Royle's III list , p. 168.) In the garden 

 of the Horticultural Society there is an unnamed species, which has stood two w inters against a wall 

 without any protection. 



Genus II. 



PALIU'RUSL. The FAhivRvs, or Christ's Thorn. Lin.Syst. Pentandria 



Trigynia. 



Identification. Tourn. Inst., t. 386. ; D. Don Prod. Fl. Nep., p. 189. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 22. ; Don's 



Mill., 2. p. 2.3. ; Brongn. M^m. Rham., p. 46. 

 Synonymes. Paliiire, Porte-chapcau, F>: 

 Derivation. From pallo, to move, and ouron, urine ; in allusion to its diuretic qualities ; or from 



Paliurus, the name of a town in Africa ; now called Nabil. 



a^ 



1. p. aculeaVus Lavj. The prickly Paliurus, or Chrlifs Thorn, 



Identification. Lam. III., t. 210.; Fl. Fr.,ed. 3., No. 4081. ; N. Du Ham., 3. t. 17. ; Don's Mill ,2. p. 23. 

 Synonymes. P. petasus Dum. Cours., G. p. 26ti. ; P. austr^lis Gtsrt. Fruct., 1. t. 43. f 5. ; P. 



vulgaris D. Don Prod.Fl. Nep., 189. ; TJhamnus Paliurus Lin. Spec, 281. ; Zizyphus PaMlxruiWilld. 



Spec, 1. p. 1183., Sims Bot Maf;., t. 1893. ; Christ's Thorn, or Ram of Libya Gerard. ; E'pinede 



Christ, Argalon, Porte-chapeau, Fr. ; gefliigelter Judendorn, Ger. 

 Engravings. Lam. III., t. 210. ; N. Duh., 3. t. 17. ; Gsert. Fruct., 1. t. 43. f. 5. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1893. ; 



E. of PI., No. 2896. ; our^g. 195. ; and.the plates of this species, both in a youngand an old state, 



in our Second Volume. 



Spec. Char., JJt. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves ovate, 

 serrulated, quite smooth, 3-nerved, with two spines 

 at the base, one straight, the other recurved. Flowers 

 in axillary crowded umbellules ; few in an umbellule. 

 Wing of capsule crenated. (Don's Mill., ii. p. 23.) A 

 branching deciduous shrub, or low tree ; a native of 

 the south of Europe, and north and west of Asia, 

 and introduced in 1.596. The flowers, which are pro- 

 duced in great abundance, are of a greenish }ellow, 

 and they are succeeded by fruit of a buckler shape, 

 flat and thin, but coriaceous. From the singular ap- 

 pearance of this fruit, which has the footstalk at- 

 tached to the middle, which is raised like the crown of a hat, and the 

 flattened disk, which resembles its brim, the French have given this tree 

 the name of porte-chapeau. On both shores of the Mediterranean, it 

 grows to about the same height as the common hawthorn. In the 

 south of Russia, according to Pallas, it forms a bushy tree, with numerous 

 branches, thickly clothed with prickles, coming out in pairs at the buds, one 

 of them bent back, and both very sharp. It is found on the hills near the 

 Lake of Baikal, particularly near warm springs; it is also found in the south 

 of Caucasus and Georgia, and in the woody mountains of Taurida, where it 

 renders some parts of them almost impervious. In many parts of Italy 



o o 



