CHAP. XLII. 



ROSA CEiE. RO^SA. 



761 



Spec. Char., ^c. Prickles unequal. Stipules narrow, divaricate at the tip. 

 Leaflets 3—7, coriaceous, rigid, ovate or lanceolate, deflexed. Flower 

 bud ovate-globose. Sepals spreading during the ,>,>(: 493 



time of the flowering. Fruit subglobose, very 

 coriaceous. Calyx and peduncle more or less 

 hispid with glanded hairs, somewhat viscose. A 

 species allied to R. centitolia L., but with round 

 fruit, and very coriaceous leaflets, with more nu- 

 merous nerves, that are a little prominent, and 

 are anastomosing. {Dec. Prod., ii. p. 603.) Native 

 of middle Europe and Caucasus, in hedges. The 

 flowers vary from red to crimson, and from single 

 to double; and there is one variety with the 

 flowers double white. The petals of some of 

 the varieties of this rose are used in medicine,' 

 particularly that called officinal; which, though 

 not so fragrant as those of the Dutch hundred- 

 leaved rose, also one of the varieties of this 

 species, are preferred for their beautiful colour 

 and their pleasant astringency. The petals of Ii. 

 gallica are those which are principally used for 

 making conserve of roses, and, when dried, for gargles : their odour is 

 increased by drying. They are also used, in common with those of Ii. 

 centifolia, for making rose-water and attar of roses. This rose was called 

 by old writers the red rose, and is supposed to have been the one assumed 

 as the badge of the House of Lancaster. This, also, is one of the roses 

 mentioned by Pliny ; from which, he says, all the others have been derived. 

 It is often confounded with the damask rose ; and is the 7?6sa damascena of 

 the druggists' shops. 

 Varieties. The varieties of this species are very numerous ; some of the 

 principal are, the cramoisie, royal crimson, black damask, Fanny Bias, 

 Flanders, giant, gloria mundi, grand monarquc, the Dutch, the blush, the 

 bishop, and Singleton's (Jig. 493.), all old favourites in our gardens ; Malta, 

 marbled, several subvarieties; mignonne, six or eight sorts; Morocco, negro, 

 mottled black, Ninon de I'EncIos, Normandy; officinal, or the rose of the 

 shops, several varieties; purple, 14 sorts ; poppy; velvet, several kinds; 

 ranunculus, rosa mundi, sultana; and Tuscany. The village maid, a 

 striped rose, introduced by Mr. Rogers of Southampton, probably belongs 

 to this species. Besides these, and many others, which are garden sorts, 

 there are the following distinct varieties: — 



j» R. g. 2 piimila Lindl. Ros., p. 68. ; B. puniila Lin. SujjpL, p. 262., 

 Jac(j. Austr., ii. p. 39. t. 198. ; R. repens Micnc/i. Hausv., v. p. 281. ; 

 R. hispida Munch., 1. c. ; R. austriaca Crantz Austr., t. 86. ; R. 

 olympica Donn Hort. Cant., ed. 8. p. 170.; with red single flowers, 

 and creeping roots. A native of Austria, Piedmont, Tauria, Cau- 

 casus, Iberia, and about Geneva. 



* R. g. S arvina Lindl. Ros., p. 69. ; R. arvina Krok. Sites., ii. p. 130.; 



has the leaves naked on both surfaces, and is a native of Silesia, 

 ii^ R. g. 4 inaperta Ser. Mel., i. p. 86., the Vilmorin Rose, has the branches 

 and peduncles hispid from prickles ; and the calyx campanulate and 

 glandular. The flowers are double, and both white and red. 



* R. g. 3 A'gatha Red. et Tlior. Ros., iii. p. 35., with a fig. ; the Agatha 



Rose ; has the sepals more or less pinnate, and the flowers small 

 and very double, with the outer petals spreading, but the inner ones 

 concave. 



* R. g. 6 inermis Ser. in Dec. Prod., ii. p. 604. — Glabrous. Branches 



smooth. Peduncles hardly glandular. Tube of the calyx bell-shaped ; 



Flowers purple and double ; and sepals shortly and simply pinnate. 



-" R. g. 7 parvifolia Ser. in Dec. Prod., ii. p. 664. ; R. parvifolia Ehr. 



