908 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 



on the leaves of the apple tree; and there are other fungi which attack these 

 leaves, for the names and figures of which we refer our readers to the Ency- 

 clojjcedia of Plants. 

 Statistics. In the environs of London, the largest apple trees which we have seen, in the oldest 

 -market-gardens, do not exceed 30 ft. in height. In tlie neighbourhood of Hereford, some are as high 

 as 40 ft. In Worcestershire, and in Devonshire, the oldest apple trees are more frequently under 

 30 ft. than exceeding it. In Scotland, a tree 25 ft. higli is considered of a large size. On the Conti- 

 nent, the apple tree is, in general, a small tree. In North America, it api)ears to attain a much 

 larger size, and to be more productive, than in Europe. A pearmain, in New England, noticed in the 

 Gent. Mag., vol. xxxiii. p. 377., had a trunk 3tt. 4J in. in diameter, at ] ft. from the ground; 

 and a mammoth apple tree, of wliich an account has lately been sent us by Dr. Mease of Philadelphia, 

 is 45 ft. high, with a trunk 3 ft. IJ in. in diameter, and the diameter of the head 55 ft. In 1835, this 

 tree produced 180 bushels of fruit tit to send to market ; besides 4 or 5 bushels left under the tree 

 as damaged, and several bushels which it was calculated had been gathered by passers by throughout 

 the summer and autumn : so that the total produce is estimated by Dr. Mease as 200 bushels. The 

 tree stands at Komney, in Virginia, where it grew spontaneously from seed ; and, though estimated 

 to be 40 years old, it still continues to increase in magnitude. The fruit is of a very large size. The 

 produce of this tree far exceeds one mentioned by Speechly, as standing in an orchard at Burton. 

 Joyce, in Nottinghamshire, which, in ViiH. produced upwards of 100 pecks of apples, which is the 

 largest produce that we have heard of in England. 



Commercial Statistics. The price of crab stocks, in the London nurseries, 

 is from 20s. to 30^. per thousand ; at Bollwyller, from 20 to 30 francs ; and at 

 New York, from i to 5 dollars. Grafted apple trees, in the London nurseries, 

 are from 9(1. to Is. (id. each for dwarfs, and from 1*. 6d. to 2*. Gd. for stand- 

 ards ; and the price at Bollwyller and New York is according to the same 

 ratio. 



5" 18. P. CORONA^RIA L. The guvland-^oioerhig Apple Tree. 



Identification. Lin. Sp., 687. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 635. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 647. 

 Synunymes. jVilus coronkria Mill. ; Crab Apple, the sweet-scented Crab, Amer. 

 JSngravings. N. Du Ham., a pi. 44. f. 1. ; Bot, Mag., t. 2009. j Michx. Arb., 2. t. 65. ; and the plate 

 in our Second A'olume. 



Spec. Char., S^c. Leaves broadly ovate, rounded at the base, subangulate, ser- 

 rated, smooth. Peduncles in corymbs, glabrous. Flowers odorous, white, 

 becoming purple before they dro[) off. The fruit is flatly orbiculate, of a 

 deep green when it falls from the tree, and becoming yellow after lying 

 some time on the ground. (Dec. Prod., adapted.) A native of North 

 America, from Pennsj Ivania to Carolina, and more especially abundant in 

 the back parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia. It generally forms a tree 

 from Ijft. to IS ft. in height, with a trunk 5 in. or G in. in diameter; but 

 Michaux has found it 2jft. high. It appears very doubtful to us, whether 

 this tree is specifically distinct from the wild apple of the Old World; though 

 it differs from it in both the flowers and the fruit having the scent of violets, 

 the former perfuming the air at the blossoming season. According to 

 INIichaux, some of the American farmers make cider of the fruit ; and it is 

 also preserved, and made into various sweetmeats. The fruit lies under 

 the trees all winter, and seldom begins to rot till the spring. The leaves, 

 when young, have a bitter and slightly aromatic taste ; whence Michaux 

 thinks thatjwith the addition of sugar, they would make an agreeable tea. 

 This species was introduced into' England in 1724, and is not unfrequent 

 in collections. In some places, as at White Knights, and at Pepper Har- 

 row near Godalming, it has become naturalised in the wooils ; and plants 

 of all ages are found wild, which have sprung up from seeds disseminated by 

 birds, and which preserve the distinctive features of the species, or race. 

 The largest trees at Pepper Harrow are nearly 30ft. in height; but they 

 appear to have attained this size only in consequence of having been drawn 

 up by other trees. In British gardens, the leaves and the fruit are retained 

 much longer on the tree than is the case with the European crab ; so much 

 so, that in very mild seasons, and sheltered situations, it might be almost 

 considered subevergreen. The deep green and flat round form of the fruit, 

 and the lobed and veined character of the leaves, render this sort of il/alus 

 easily distinguished from every other; and this distinctiveness of character, 

 and the fragrance of the blossoms, together with the lateness of their ap- 

 pearance (which is in the end of May), render it a most desirable tree, in 

 every shrubbery, however small. 



