CHAP. LXI. rORSA*CE^. TO^RNUS. 'Oil 



MiU^ m. p. 399.) This species is a natire of Europe and the north of 

 Africa, in hedges and thickets, eq)ecia]lT on a chalk and limestone soD. ^ 

 is plentiful in Britain, in like situations. It is also said 

 to grow in North America, near the lakes of Canada 

 andnear New York ; but has, probablv, been introduced 

 there. It grows to the hedgiit of from 4 ft. to 15 ft., 

 according to soil and situation ; flowonng in June, and 

 ripening Its dark purple fruit in August and September. ^ • ^ 



It is one of the commonest shrubs in old shrubberies : 

 and is easily known from all the other kinds of Comus 

 by the abundance of its dark purple finit, and the 

 intensely dark red of its leaves bdbre they drop off ■ > ? i 



in autumn. It is from this last circumstance, we sup- - _ .^^^J'^ 

 pose, that the specific name of sanguinea has been ~^"'* 



given to it, though it is much more obviously applicable to C. aiba, on ac- 

 count of tJie redness of its shoots. C. purpiu-ea would be a much better 

 name as contrasted with C. alba, both names applying to the fruit. 



rarieties. „ j, ,™. w ..i 



* C jL 2 i><ratii Dom't Um.. S p. 38a ; Csangnlnea P»s*, SdkmuO BmmMU, g . t.es . ;jMsme 



dowds Witt TeUoT anthers, and the berries a daik tnma. It is a yrre of ^Ktfe 



America, nem^ the lakes oT Canada, and near NewTott; and caiy mfcn &o» th e C. 



saogDin^of Ennipe in haring the leores pobesccn^ and in faeiiag ot teBC tt'^'UB- u 



has not yet been introdoced. 

 S C. «. SJUat trnwitsHis Lodd. Cat. has the leaves laii e B^ted with «liiiE tmd feSov, ^M oe- 



casioDal sHeaks of led. A plant, tatdj' icceii«d into Mesas. Loddisert c c i lwfi M . 



n.mpj <• >^iw«i< |«riMj fiaL Tan, apii e aiai . ttam. the leases tobeidertical with t his wai iety- 



C cindidiEEma, in the same eoOectioa, fioB its kares, aiveais 10 be nothing Mae th» 



C. sanguinea. 

 Properties and Uses. The common British dogwood, being frequent in 

 woods and old hedges, in almost every part of the island, and beii^ also very 

 common on the Continent, and especially in the northon parts of Eurt^pe, has 

 long been applied to various usdul purposes. The wood, which is hard, 

 though not nearly so much so as that of Comus mas, was fonno-ly used for 

 mill-coss, and for various purposes in rustic carpentry; and it still makes 

 excellent skewers for butchers, toothpicks, and similar articles. In the days 

 when bows and arrows were used as muskets are now, arrows were formed of 

 the vouQ£ wood. In France, the young wood b formed into ramrods : and in 

 various parts of the Continent, particularly in Germany and Russia, it b bored 

 and used as tubes to pipes. It makes excellent fuel, and the very b^t char- 

 coal for gunpowder. The fruit, which, like the hark and leaves, b bitter and 

 stvptic, when treated like that of the olive, vields an oil, at the rate of Si lb. 

 of oil to 100 lb. of fruit : which b used, in France, in the manufecture of 

 soap, and for lamps. Miller states that, in hb time, the bories were often 

 brought to market, and sold for those of the buckthorn. The bark tastes 

 like apples. 



• 3. (.".ALBA L. The whiteyriri/«/ IK^wood. 



UtntUuatiam. Lin. HanL, pi «X j Don^ ICIL, a pL SSa ; Lodd. Cat, e£t. 1S3S. 

 Sgmomgtmes. C stidonlfen JtfibU. Ft. Bar. Awkt., 1. pL 109. ; C. 



tatasca lOI. Icom., 1. 104., Amam. AtfL, t as. 

 Bi^nu ime t . FUL Ft Rms., L t. 3L : ICa Icol, t. lOL ; and onr 



JSff 782. 



Spec. Char., S^c. Branches recurved. Branchlets 

 glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, pubescent, hoary 

 beneath. Corymbs depressed. Branches of a 

 fine red colour. Fruit white, or bluish white. 

 (^Don's 3/*//., iii. p. S99.) It b a native of Siberia, 

 at the rivers Oby and Irtysch, among bushes, 

 &c. ; of North America, from Mrginia to Canada, 

 on the banks of rivers and lakes ; and also of 

 North Calilbmia. A shrub, gro\ving from 1 ft. to 

 10 ft. high, and flowering firom May to July. It 

 was introduced hi 1741, and is common in shrub- 

 beries, where it b interesting in summer from 



3x3 



