lt)81 ARBORETUM AND KRUTICETUM. PART III. 



Genus III. 



CALLU^NA Sal. The Calluna, Lin. Si/st. Octandria Monogjnia. 



IdcHlification. Salisbury in Lin. Soc. Trans., 6. p. 317.; Don's Mill., j. p. 828. 



Si/nonymes. i?rica sp. Lin. and others. 



Derivation. The name of Calliina is derived (romkalluno, which, as Sir J. E. Smith observes, " is 

 doubly suitable ; whether, with Mr. Salisbury and Dr. Hull, we take it to e.xprcssa cleansing pro- 

 perty, brooms being made of ling ; or whether we adopt the more common sense of the word, 

 to ornament or adorn, which is very applicable to the flowers." i,Eng. Flora, 2. p. 224.) 



i^ 1. C. vuLG^ARis Sal. The common Ling, or Jlealhcr. 



IdentifictUion. Salisb. in Lin. Soc. Trans., 6. p. 317. ; Smith Eng. Flora, 2. p. 224. ; Don's Mill., 3. 

 p. 828. 6 . I . . 



Synonymes. .Erica vulgaris Lin. Sp., p. .iOl. ; la Bruvdre, Fr. ; Heide, Ger. ; Lyng, Dan. ; Liung, 



Swed. ; Erica, Hal. ; Brezo, Span. ; Urzc, Port. ; Weresk, Huss. 

 Engraving. Eng. Bot., t. 1013. 



Spec. C/iar., c^-c. Leaves 3-corncred in a transverse section of them, arrow- 

 shaped at the base, obtuse at the point, revolute in the lateral margins, im- 

 bricate in 4 rows. Flowers disposed in long, terminal, s[)icate racemes. 

 (IJon^s Mill., iii. p. 828.) A small, spreading, evergreen shrub; native 

 throughout Europe, plentiful in Britain. 



Vnrietici. In Don's Milier, the following forms of this species are enu- 

 merated : — 



1. C. V. 1 purpurea. — Flowers purplish red. 



f^ C. V.2 xpuria. — Branches tufted. Racemes short. Flowers pur- 

 pli.sh red. 



*~ C. V. 3 dccumbens. — Branches decumbent. Racemes short. Flowers 

 purplish red. 



iv C. ». 4 tomenlosa. — Leaves and branches woolly. Flowers purplish 

 red. 



%. C. V. 5 alba. — Flowers white, less crowded. Corolla shorter. 



1. C. V. GJlorc plena. — Flowers double, pale purplish red. 



t^ C. V. 1 foliis variegatit. — Leaves variegated. Flowers purpHsh. 



t> C. V. 8 aurca. — Leaves variegated with yellow. 



f~. C. V. 9 cocc'inea. — Flowers deep red. 



f^ C. V. 10 spicdta. — Racemes long. Flowers red or white. 



%- C. V. \\ and 12. — Two varieties are mentioned by Sir W. J. Hooker, 

 as being in cultivation in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, where they 

 have retained their ditferences for years. They have both pubes- 

 cent branchlets ; but the one has deep red flowers, and was received 

 from Aberdeenshire; and the other, which was received from Arran, 

 has white flowers, that appear later than those of the other varieties. 

 The first may be called C, v. 11 atro-rubens, and the second C. x\ 12 

 serotina. 



Description, Sfc. The common heath varies considerably in size, according 

 to the soil and situation in which it grows. In open, elevated, exposed 

 moors, where there is scarcely any surface soil, it seldom exceeds 1 ft. in 

 height ; but in sandy soils, in open woods, it often reaches the height of 3 ft. 

 or 4 ft., growing erect. On the sides of mountains, in Scotland and Ireland, it 

 sometimes forms a bed or close matting of recumbent or trailing stems, which 

 are 3 ft. or 4 ft. in length ; the be4 extending for many miles together. The 

 stems are bushy, and are repeatedly and irregularly branched. The plant is 

 of slow growth, seldom making shoots longer than 3 in, or 4 in. in one season, 

 even when young ; and, when of 5 or 6 years' growth, not more than half that 

 length : but it is of great duration. 



Geograjihy. The common heath abounds in almost every part of Europe, 



