53 



10 



as well as to other deep Inland ports up the Hlssouri, Illinois, Ohio, 

 Cuaberland, Tennessee, Toabigbee, Alabaaa, Arkansas, Black, Red, and 

 Atchafalaya Rivers. Siallarly, non-ocean going traffic can aove 

 organisBS east of Albany up through the New York State Barge Canal, or 

 north and east of Chesapeake Bay through the Susquehanna River. 

 Many of these ports are now highly nodlfied urbanized-industrialised 

 environaents conducive to invasions by non- indigenous species. There 

 are thus nuaerous portals into the Aaerican heartland. As "back doors" 

 to the Great Lakes and other inland water bcxlles, these corridors reaain 

 conduits for invasions. 



The philosophy of ballast water and sediaent aanageaent is as follows: 

 ballast aanageaent should seek to prevent the introduction 

 of all organisns, ranging froa bacteria and viruses to 

 plants, invertebrates, fish, and all other entrained life. 

 An important corollary to this philosophy is that no one option or 

 alternative Is likely to satisfy this aanageaent objective. It is not 

 appropriate to single out one alternative as "the aost" likely or viable 

 — rather, a synthetic approach, choosing a number of alternatives 

 simultaneously froa a broad aenu of possibilities, will eventually 

 aaxialze the strength of ballast aanagement. 



NABISS identified over 30 control alternatives (Appendix I). Those 

 alternatives identified as most promising for further study are: 

 Prevention of Organism Intake 



(Ballasting Hicroaanageaent : do not ballast in "Global Hot Spots" (sites 

 of major Invasions and harmful algal blooms); do not ballast water with 

 high sediaent loads; do not ballast in areas of sewage discharge or 

 known disease incidences; do not ballast at certain sites at certain 

 times of year; do not ballast at night) 

 Reaoval and/or Bzteraination of Organisas 

 (aicrofiltratlon, ultraviolet treataent, ultrasonics treataent, theraal 



