78 



GARDEN MANAGEMENT. 



beam, beech, box, or other shrub, on a raised bank on its inner edge, aa 

 shown in the following section : — 



This not only presents an im- 

 passable barrier from the out- ^ 

 side, but is one of the most ^M 

 beautiful combinations of a '*" 

 living and dead fence that can 

 be imagined. Hedges of quick- 

 thorn alone will form excellent 

 boundary fences for sheep, and 

 ELEVATION. on the best soils, with extremely section. 

 guoQ management, lor cattle also. They are generally planted thus : — Some- 

 times a ditch is made on both sides, to give additional security, and the angle of 

 the banks varies in different localities, and according to the soil. The plants are 

 inserted, sometimes on the very top of the bank, at other times a foot or more 



down ; but the principle is always the same. 

 It will at once be seen that the chief use of 

 both ditch and bank is to increase the 

 obstructive power of the hedge placed on 

 -^ its summit. A temporary fence of wood or 

 iron will, however, generally be necessary 

 to protect the hedge-plants in their young 

 state. A single or double rail, A, standing 

 out from the bank, B, as above, will answer the purpose perfectly well. 



i8i. For temporar)' fencing round groups of trees, nothing, except where 

 ■wood is very cheap and plentiful, can equal iron hurdles. Iron or hedges are 

 also the best fences for permanent woods. No group in a park should be 

 permanently fenced. Whatever the trees are of which it is formed, as they 

 grow larger they should either be pruned to a sufficient height to protect them 

 from cattle, or so intermixed with thorns and hollies as to form an impenetrable 

 undergrowth of such a formidable character as to protect the other trees from 

 the browzing of cattle. These spiny plants will also add to the pictui-esquo 

 effect of the groups. Trees planted on the gardenesque principle may be 

 protected, when young, with iron guards, and as they advance in growth, 

 their lower branches must be pruned off. This may prevent their ever 

 becoming perfect specimens ; but such practice is better than surrounding 

 them with permanent fencing. Trees thus treated will form ^^pleasing con- 

 trasts to those which are allowed to sweep the turf of the pleasure-ground 

 with their lower branches. Care must be exorcised to vary the height ot 

 pruning different trees, so as to destroy the insipid sameness and tiresome 

 uniformity of the browzing-line in parks. 



182. The fence separating the garden from the park now claims oiu* notice. 

 It must be strong enough to exclude all sorts of cattle, and fine enough to 

 keep out the smallest rabbit. It must either be partially or entirely invisible, 

 a;- highly ornamental, or both ; that is, it need not bo of one uuiform 



