99 



GARDEN MANAGEMENT. 



not be continued for any lengthened period. In no case, therelore, except in 

 the midst of mountain scenery, where water is retained by some peculiarity 

 of the soil, or by artificial embankments, can fountains and jets d'eau be 

 brought into frequent use, and in the midst of these wild scenes, the natural 

 cascade supersedes all thoughts of the artificial one. The jet d'eau at Chats- 

 worth is, perhaps, the most perfectly satisfactory instance we have, where 

 advantage has been taken of nature, so as to bring it efficiently to the aid of 

 art. Here, we may say, in the words of Shakspere, — 



" Is an art 



Wiiicli does mend Nature— change it, rather; 

 But the art is K'ature's self." 



•219. In the gardens and pleasure-grounds of this princely residence, which, 

 in the words of its poet, — 



♦' Stands in the middle of a falling ground 

 At a black mountain's foot, whose craggy brow 

 Secures from eastern tempests all below," 



advantage has been taken of the heights in question to collect the waters in 

 a lake at a great elevation, and connect them with the jet d'eau, which forms 

 the Emperor Fountain in the centre of the grounds. This magnificent and 

 massive column of water rises, by its own natural force, 297 feet — the largest 

 artificial jet d'eau in the world. The nearest approach to this is the Wilhelm 

 Fountain, at Hesse-Cassel, which rises 190 feet. At St. Cloud the jet rises 

 160 ; that at PeterhoflF, at St. Petersburg, 120, and the Old Fountain at 

 Chatsworth, which supplies the copper-tree and other deceptive water-works 

 at that palace, rises 90 feet, — the height, also, of the 

 principal jet d'eaii at Versailles, The lake which supplies 

 the fountains at Chatsworth covers eight acres of gi-ound, 

 having been enlarged by artificial means when the Emperor 

 Fountain was laid down; but so great is the demand 

 upon it, while the fountain is in operation, that a foot of 

 water disappears every three hours. 



110. Water, unless interrupted in its course, will, in 

 ordinaiy circumstances, find its natural level ; that is, if a 

 body of water imderly- 

 ing an impervious stra- 

 tum of clay, as A A, 

 is pierced, and a tube 

 inserted at B B, the 

 water will rise in a jet 

 to the highest level of 

 tne water, A. Or a 

 glass tube, having a 

 funnel-shaped mouth, carried through the cork of the jar B, and a small 

 tube, C, inserted in the same cork, so as to be in free communication with 



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